Thermography based in-process monitoring of Fused Filament Fabrication of polymeric parts

Ferraris, Eleonora; Zhang, Jie; Hooreweder, Brecht Van

doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2019.04.123

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This approach yields the surface temperature, but it cannot read the temperature at the interface of adjacent layers, both due to the camera measurement accuracy and the small filament dimensions 15 . Ferraris et al 16 used IR thermography to measure the temperature profile of a vertical wall, but the comparison with theoretical predictions showed poor agreement. Kousiatza et al 17 applied local measurement of the temperature profile in a specific case on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) using K ‐type thermocouples (d = 250 μm) by pausing the process manually to add them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of PLA thermal behavior during fused filament fabrication

Vanaei

Shirinbayan

Costa

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing technique that is used to produce prototypes and a gradually more important processing route to obtain final products. Due to the layer-by-layer deposition mechanism involved, bonding between adjacent layers is controlled by the thermal energy of the material being printed, which strongly depends on the temperature development of the filaments during the deposition sequence. This study reports experimental measurements of filament temperature during deposition. These temperature profiles were compared to the predictions made by a previously developed model. The two sets of data showed good agreement, particularly concerning the occurrence of reheating peaks when new filaments are deposited onto previously deposited ones. The developed experimental technique is shown to demonstrate its sensitivity to changing operating conditions, namely platform temperature and deposition velocity. The data generated can be valuable to predict more accurately the bond quality achieved in FFF parts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of PLA thermal behavior during fused filament fabrication

Vanaei

Shirinbayan

Costa

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Monitoring the sidewall of a part with a thermal camera, Ferraris et al [171] determined a correlation between the characteristic temperature curves and the size of the bonding surfaces between adjacent beads. Using a similar hardware setup, the tensile strength of samples was predicted in a work by Bartolai et al [173,174].…”

Section: Temperature Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process monitoring for material extrusion additive manufacturing: a state-of-the-art review

et al. 2021

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Qualitative uncertainties are a key challenge for the further industrialization of additive manufacturing. To solve this challenge, methods for measuring the process states and properties of parts during additive manufacturing are essential. The subject of this review is in-situ process monitoring for material extrusion additive manufacturing. The objectives are, first, to quantify the research activity on this topic, second, to analyze the utilized technologies, and finally, to identify research gaps. Various databases were systematically searched for relevant publications and a total of 221 publications were analyzed in detail. The study demonstrated that the research activity in this field has been gaining importance. Numerous sensor technologies and analysis algorithms have been identified. Nonetheless, research gaps exist in topics such as optimized monitoring systems for industrial material extrusion facilities, inspection capabilities for additional quality characteristics, and standardization aspects. This literature review is the first to address process monitoring for material extrusion using a systematic and comprehensive approach.

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“…Albeit it deals with the surface temperature, it still does not record the interface temperature of adjacent layers. [ 17 ] Ferraris et al [ 18 ] used IR thermography in determination of the temperature profile of a vertical wall and they observed poor agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, 1D or 2D models have been developed to evaluate the temperature profile of deposited filaments during fabricating a structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative in‐process monitoring of temperature profile in fused filament fabrication

Vanaei

Deligant

Shirinbayan

et al. 2020

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Fused filament fabrication (FFF), an additive manufacturing technique, is used to produce prototypes and a gradually more important processing route to get final products. Due to the layer‐by‐layer deposition mechanism involved, bonding between adjacent layers is controlled by the thermal energy of the material being printed. Thus, it is strongly in conjunction with the temperature development of the filaments during the deposition sequence. This study gives out an in‐process set‐up enabling to record temperature profile of two adjacent filaments or a sequence of deposition in various locations during FFF process. The main characteristic of the presented procedure is the possibility of obtaining a global temperature profile resulted from an IR‐camera; parallel to those recorded using a K‐type thermocouple. Needless to say that a K‐type thermocouple accurately records the local temperature at the interface of adjacent filaments. Conversely, an IR‐camera signifies the temperature profile on the captured surface. The obtained results showed that there is a remarkable difference between the cooling rate and re‐heating peaks. The primary outcome of this study is the consideration of results accuracy and the possibility of working on optimization of the obtained temperature profile. Altogether it helps optimize inter‐layer strength while assessing the temperature evolution.

show abstract

Thermography based in-process monitoring of Fused Filament Fabrication of polymeric parts

Cited by 55 publications

References 11 publications

Experimental study of PLA thermal behavior during fused filament fabrication

Experimental study of PLA thermal behavior during fused filament fabrication

Process monitoring for material extrusion additive manufacturing: a state-of-the-art review

A comparative in‐process monitoring of temperature profile in fused filament fabrication

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