Thermogenic Responses to Prolonged Cold Exposure: Birds and Mammals

Roberts, Joseph

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp040118

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…How these enzymes activities are modulated in T. elegans support the classical evidence reported for placental mammals: as torpor progress, animals shows a preference for fatty acids over glucose as primary source of energy. In general, our results showed that during torpor, higher proportion of energy comes from fatty acids oxidation, whereas glucose is the main source of energy in euthermic animals (Buck and Barnes, 2000;Andrews, 2004;Roberts, 2011). Also, our results showed inhibition of carbohydrate oxidation in liver and brain during torpor in T. elegans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In mammals, the transition to torpor is characterized by a fuel metabolic switch from a carbohydrate‐based to lipid‐based metabolism (Nestler, ; Geer et al, ; Buck and Barnes, ; Andrews ; Roberts ). In the present study, the maximal activity of key enzymes related to fatty acid (CPT and HOAD) and carbohydrate (PFK, PK and LDH) catabolism, as well as mitochondrial oxidative capacity (e.g., CS), were compared in six organs of torpid, arousing and euthermic Chilean mouse‐opossums.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inhibition of carbohydrate utilization pathway represents the other side of the coin in fuel metabolic switch experienced by torpid animals (Nestler, ; Storey and Kelly, ; Roberts, ; Storey, ). Regulation of glycolytic pathway is partly insured by phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), both of which have lower activities during torpor (Yacoe, ; Brooks and Storey, ; Storey, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To do so, the maximal activity of key enzymes related to fatty acid (HOAD and CPT) and carbohydrate (LDH, PFK, and PK) catabolism, as well as mitochondrial oxidative capacity (CS), were compared in six organs of torpid, arousing and euthermic Chilean mouse‐opossums ( Thylamys elegans ). As torpor progress, animals show a preference for fatty acids over glucose as primary source of energy (Buck and Barnes, ; Andrews, ; Roberts, ). Previous studies have shown that fatty acid derived ketone bodies could also be used as fuel in strict aerobic tissue such as brain and heart (Andrews et al, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial phenotype of marsupial torpor: Fuel metabolic switch in the Chilean mouse–opossum Thylamys elegans

et al. 2015

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Torpor is a phenotype characterized by a controlled decline of metabolic rate and body temperature. During arousal from torpor, organs undergo rapid metabolic reactivation and rewarming to near normal levels. As torpor progress, animals show a preference for fatty acids over glucose as primary source of energy. Here, we analyzed for first time the changes in the maximal activity of key enzymes related to fatty acid (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase and β-Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) and carbohydrate (Pyruvate kinase, Phosphofructokinase and Lactate dehydrogenase) catabolism, as well as mitochondrial oxidative capacity (Citrate synthase), in six organs of torpid, arousing and euthermic Chilean mouse-opossums (Thylamys elegans). Our results showed that activity of enzymes related to fatty acid and carbohydrate catabolism were different among torpor phases and the pattern of variation differs among tissues. In terms of lipid utilization, maximal enzymatic activities differ in tissues with high oxidative capacity such as heart, kidney, and liver. In terms of carbohydrate use, lower enzymatic activities were observed during torpor in brain and liver. Interestingly, citrate synthase activity did not differ thought torpor-arousal cycle in any tissues analyzed, suggesting no modulation of mitochondrial content in T. elegans. Overall results provide an indication that modulation of enzymes associated with carbohydrate and fatty-acid pathways is mainly oriented to limit energy expensive processes and sustain energy metabolism during transition from torpor to euthermy. Future studies are required to elucidate if physiological events observed for T. elegans are unique from other marsupials, or represents a general response in marsupials. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:41-51, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial phenotype of marsupial torpor: Fuel metabolic switch in the Chilean mouse–opossum Thylamys elegans

et al. 2015

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“…That is, in homeothermal animals such as birds and mammals, heat is by heat engines such as skeletal muscular tissue and brown adipose tissue (Boulant et al, 1989;Feist and White, 1989;Roberts, 1996). This heat is trans-mitted to body water, which evenly distributes the heat throughout the body via the circulation because of its heat-retaining effect, and the body temperature is maintained in a constant range (35-41 °C) (Sawka et aL, 1996).…”

Section: Effects Of Water In the Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

What is Anatomy for? Considerations on the Body as a Whole and Whole Anatomy

Wakuri

Zhang

Liu

et al. 1998

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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Summary: In anatomy today, construction of the body is devoid of the water element, and the framework of the discipline is sectionalized (segmented, specialized, and divided), so that the body is not described in an integrated, harmonious manner. In this paper, the present authors selected the body, body water, and skin as objects of contemplation and deliberated on the history, significance, and resuscitation of anatomy.(1) Living things are dependent on water, and water is a vital component of the body. Therefore, greater consideration should be given to the presence of body water in morphological description of the body. (2) Since anatomy is sectionalized, understanding of the body is dwarfed and distorted. Whole anatomy, which described the body as a whole is the ideal style. (3) The body as a whole should always be placed in the center of anatomy. This should be the ultimate form of teaching anatomy.

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Non‐shivering thermogenesis in four species of African mole‐rats differing in their sociality

et al. 2021

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Many mammalian species are adapted to living in burrows for most of their lives. Inhabiting such thermally stable environments may influence the variation on the species thermogenic capacity, particularly non‐shivering thermogenesis (NST). African mole‐rats (Bathyergidae) are subterranean rodents occurring in fynbos, grassland and wooded savannas across sub‐Saharan Africa that vary in the complexity of their social systems, ranging from strictly solitary to highly social species. The presence and magnitude of NST are well known in social bathyergids, but no such data exist for their solitary counterparts. In this study, we quantified NST in three solitary mole‐rat species represented by three distinct genera together with one social species. Our results showed that NST in all species is functional. Maximum metabolic rate after norepinephrine injection was equivalent to 269% of resting values in the social giant mole‐rat Fukomys mechowii and 166%, 282% and 157% in the three solitary species: the silvery mole‐rat Heliophobius argenteocinereus, the Cape mole‐rat Georychus capensis and the Cape dune mole‐rat Bathyergus suillus, respectively. To test our prediction that NST capacity is higher in solitary bathyergids, we combined our data with those available for other members of this family. In contrast to our prediction, NST did not differ between social and solitary bathyergids. Body mass, as the main factor, and minimum air temperature (Tmin), accounts for more than 80% of NST variation in bathyergid mole‐rats.

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Thermogenic Responses to Prolonged Cold Exposure: Birds and Mammals

Cited by 4 publications

References 150 publications

Mitochondrial phenotype of marsupial torpor: Fuel metabolic switch in the Chilean mouse–opossum Thylamys elegans

Mitochondrial phenotype of marsupial torpor: Fuel metabolic switch in the Chilean mouse–opossum Thylamys elegans

What is Anatomy for? Considerations on the Body as a Whole and Whole Anatomy

Non‐shivering thermogenesis in four species of African mole‐rats differing in their sociality

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