“…Over the last ten years, a few thermophilic members of these groups and others have been isolated and described as axenic cultures (e.g. [9][10][11][12][13]); however, most of the diversity within them remains to be explored. Recent advancements in metagenomics and single-cell genomics have provided access to the genomes of yet-uncultivated thermophiles, enabling insight into their evolution, cell biology, and possible metabolic and ecological functions.…”