Thermoelectric properties of <i>n-</i>type C60 thin films and their application in organic thermovoltaic devices

Sumino, Mao; Harada, Kentaro; Ikeda, Masaaki; Tanaka, Saburo; Miyazaki, Kôji; Adachi, Chihaya

doi:10.1063/1.3631633

Cited by 85 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[126] The vast majority of systems discussed in this review are p-type, which is not surprising given that ntype organic materials are generally unstable under ambient conditions and have a propensity to show ambipolar charge transport. [44,127] Promising n-type organic materials include small-molecule charge-transfer complexes, [128] fullerene-C 60 , [129] and perylene dianhydride. [130] As small molecules have poor mechanical characteristics and the thermal conductivity of crystals is generally higher than that of amorphous materials, [131] a novel opportunity for preparing n-type organic TE materials is the incorporation of molecules in a polymer matrix by blending or covalent attachment to the polymer chain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Composites for Thermoelectric Applications

2014

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This review covers recently reported polymer composites that show a thermoelectric (TE) effect and thus have potential application as thermoelectric generators and Peltier coolers. The growing need for CO2-minimizing energy sources and thermal management systems makes the development of new TE materials a key challenge for researchers across many fields, particularly in light of the scarcity or toxicity of traditional inorganic TE materials based on Te and Pb. Recent reports of composites with inorganic and organic additives in conjugated and insulating polymer matrices are covered, as well as the techniques needed to fully characterize their TE properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Composites for Thermoelectric Applications

2014

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“…Extrinsic n ‐type doping of organic semiconductors presents a challenge due to their small electron affinities (−3 to −4 eV). Only vapor‐deposited doped fullerenes and the powder‐processed organometallic poly(K x (Ni‐1,1,2,2‐ethenetetrathiolate)) demonstrate room temperature power factors near 70 μWm −1 K −2 . However, these values are lower than those obtained for PEDOT, which necessitates significant improvement for comparable n ‐type performance.…”

Section: Thermoelectric Properties Of Selected Organic Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility‐Limited Extrinsic n‐Type Doping of a High Electron Mobility Polymer for Thermoelectric Applications

et al. 2014

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The thermoelectric properties of a highperformance electron-conducting polymer, (P(NDIOD-T2), extrinsically doped with dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl (NDBI) derivatives, are reported. The highest thermoelectric power factor that has been reported for a solution-processed n-type polymer is achieved; and it is concluded that engineering polymerdopant miscibility is essential for the development of organic thermoelectrics.

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“…73 TE effect of fullerene C 60 was studied using caesium carbonate (Cs 2 CO 3 ) as n-dopant buffer layer to improve morphology thus higher electron mobility up to 3 cm 2 .V −1 s −1 . 74 Power factor of 20.5 μW.m −1 .K −2 at room temperature was achieved for Cs 2 CO 3 /C 60 bilayer device after optimization. Similar power factors were reported for C 60 samples doped with Cr 2 (hpp) 4 or W 2 (hpp) 4 (hpp = 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido [1,2-a] pyrimidinato).…”

Section: N-type Organic Thermoelectric Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Organic Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Generation

Cowen

Atoyo

Carnie

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

129

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Organic semiconductor materials have been promising alternatives to their inorganic counterparts in several electronic applications such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, field effect transistors as well as thermoelectric generators. Their low cost, light weight and flexibility make them appealing in future applications such as foldable electronics and wearable circuits using printing techniques. In this report, we present a mini-review on the organic materials that have been used for thermoelectric energy generation. The reduction in the effects of climate change, caused by the burning of fossil fuels, has recently been given increased emphasis by major world governments and it is therefore necessary to consider the efficiency of the methods we currently use to generate energy. It has previously been estimated that 63% of global energy consumption is wasted with the major form of this waste being heat.1,2 It is therefore important to develop methods of reconverting this wasted heat back in to useful forms of energy, such as electricity.Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are a promising technology which make use of a process known as the Seebeck effect for heat recovery. The Seebeck effect can be described as two dissimilar conductors or semiconductors connected thermally in parallel and electrically in series and exposed to a temperature gradient causing a difference in voltage between the two materials.3,4 In a TEG one p-type and one ntype semiconductor make use of the Seebeck effect by connecting one to the other electrically in series and thermally in parallel; a general device setup is shown in Figure 1. By connecting the two components, by a junction which is heated, the n-type component of the device transports electrons from the hot junction to a heat sink while the p-type material transports positively charged holes along the same direction of the temperature gradient. The reverse is also possible if the holes and electrons flow away from a cold connecting junction to a heated point at the end of each semiconductor, this induces a constant cooling at the junction through the Peltier effect. 4,5The quantification of the Seebeck effect, in a specific material, is given by the Seebeck coefficient, α, and is the open circuit voltage of a material subjected to a temperature gradient, commonly with units on the scale of μVK −1 to mVK −1 . 6 A materials overall efficiency in the conversion of heat to electricity is given by the dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, defined as,where σ is the electrical conductivity and κ is the thermal conductivity. [6][7][8] It is therefore necessary for thermoelectric materials to have a high electrical conductivity and a low thermal conductivity making electrically conducting metals inappropriate for thermoelectric applications due to their high thermal conductivities and low z E-mail: m.j.carnie@swansea.ac.uk; derya.baran@kaust.edu.sa; b.c.schroeder@qmul .ac.uk Seebeck coefficients. The ideal thermoelectric materials should be an electrical crystal to maximize σ and at the s...

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Thermoelectric properties of n-type C60 thin films and their application in organic thermovoltaic devices

Cited by 85 publications

References 19 publications

Polymer Composites for Thermoelectric Applications

Polymer Composites for Thermoelectric Applications

Solubility‐Limited Extrinsic n‐Type Doping of a High Electron Mobility Polymer for Thermoelectric Applications

Review—Organic Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Generation

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