Thermoelectric currents and thermoelectric-magnetic effects in full-penetration laser beam welding of aluminum alloy with magnetic field support

Chen, Jicheng; Wei, Yanhong; Zhan, Xiaohong; Gu, Cheng; Zhao, Xinyi

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.08.004

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Here, is the viscosity, is the surface tension. Equations (21) and (22) were used for the top boundary, equation (20) was used for other boundaries. • Electromagnetic field boundary conditions: The area of magnetic field was set near the molten pool for the purpose of reducing simulation workload.…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental investigation of magnesium/aluminum laser welding with magnetic field

Zhou¹,

Zhou

Liu³

2021

Preprint

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A three-dimensional numerical model for thermal-fluid-metallurgical coupling was established to inspect the effect from a stable longitudinal magnetic field on molten pool of magnesium/aluminum laser welding. Magnetic field-assisted laser welding platform was built to test the morphology and spectrum of the metal vapor/plasma. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were used to determine the morphology and element distribution of molten pool cross section. Simulation results showed that temperature gradient of molten pool was reduced, heat distribution became uniform, and keyhole area was enlarged. In addition, the flow velocity of molten pool was increased, the vorticity of molten pool was improved, and the flow region of liquid metal was enlarged. Experimental results showed that penetration of molten pool was deeper, the shape of welding pool tended to be symmetrical and the density of Al element distribution in welding pool was increased by magnetic field. Thus, heat and mass transfer in welding pool was promoted due to the application of magnetic field, the elements exchange and the convection of liquid metal were accelerated, and the distribution of Mg-Al compounds should be dispersed under the agitation of Lorentz force. It’s predicted that the distribution of Mg-Al compounds in magnesium/aluminum laser welding would be positively affected by magnetic field, which was beneficial to control the weld quality. Hence, numerical results and experimental verification shared good consistency.

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Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental investigation of magnesium/aluminum laser welding with magnetic field

Zhou¹,

Zhou

Liu³

2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The thermal efficiency of the laser entering the keyhole can reach up to 85% [27], so the absorption ratio at the keyhole wall ηk is calculated as ( ) (18) where pr is the recoil pressure, A and B are two evaporation coefficients, ma is the molar mass, ΔLv is the evaporation latent heat, Na is the Avogadro constant and kb is the Boltzmann constant. For pure iron, A is equal to 0.55 and B is equal to 3.9×10 12 kg/m•s 2 .…”

Section: Heat Source Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermo-fluid dynamics in the molten pool under different magnetic field patterns (steady or oscillating), penetration states (partial or full penetration) and material types (ferromagnetic or nonferromagnetic) were calculated and analyzed [13][14][15][16][17]. Numerical analysis was performed to investigate the thermoelectric currents and thermoelectric-magnetic effects in full penetration LBW of aluminum with a steady magnetic support [18]. The influence of the low-frequency coaxial magnetic field on the melt flow and the element distribution in WFLBW was studied numerically by Gatzen et al [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental investigation of thermo-fluid flow and element transport in electromagnetic stirring enhanced wire feed laser beam welding

Meng

Artinov

Bachmann

et al. 2019

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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The introduction of electromagnetic stirring to laser beam welding can bring several beneficial effects e.g. element homogenization and grain refinement. However, the underlying physics has not been fully explored due to the absence of quantitative data of heat and mass transfer in the molten pool. In this paper, the influence of electromagnetic stirring on the thermo-fluid flow and element transport in the wire feed laser beam welding is studied numerically and experimentally. A threedimensional transient heat transfer and fluid flow model coupled with dynamic keyhole, magnetic induction and element transport is developed for the first time. The results suggest that the Lorentz force produced by an oscillating magnetic field and its induced eddy current shows an important influence on the thermo-fluid flow and the keyhole stability. The melt flow velocity is increased by the electromagnetic stirring at the rear and lower regions of molten pool. The keyhole collapses more frequently at the upper part. The additional elements from the filler wire are significantly homogenized because of the enhanced forward and downward flow. The model is well verified by fusion line shape, high-speed images of molten pool and measured element distribution. This work provides a deeper understanding of the transport phenomena in the laser beam welding with magnetic field.

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“…A three-dimensional steady-state numerical model was developed by Bachmann et al to calculate the MHD behavior and thermal fluid flow in the weld pool of LBW with external magnetic field [13,14]. The thermoelectric-magnetic phenomena in a full penetration LBW of aluminum with steady magnetic support was investigated using a steady-state numerical model, and it was found that the thermoelectric current caused by Seebeck effect showed a non-negligible influence on the material flow and weld morphology [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical assessment of weld pool behavior and final microstructure in wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring

Meng

Bachmann

Artinov

et al. 2019

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

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Advantages such as element homogenization and grain refinement can be realized by introducing electromagnetic stirring into laser beam welding. However, the involved weld pool behavior and its direct role on determining the final microstructure have not been revealed quantitatively. In this paper, a 3D transient heat transfer and fluid flow model coupled with element transport and magnetic induction is developed for wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring. The magnetohydrodynamics, temperature profile, velocity field, keyhole evolution and element distribution are calculated and analyzed. The model is well tested against the experimental results. It is suggested that a significant electromagnetic stirring can be produced in the weld pool by the induced Lorentz force under suitable electromagnetic parameters, and it shows important influences on the thermal fluid flow and the solidification parameter. The forward and downward flow along the longitudinal plane of the weld pool is enhanced, which can bring the additional filler wire material to the root of the weld pool. The integrated thermal and mechanical impacts of electromagnetic stirring on grain refinement which is confirmed experimentally by electron backscatter diffraction analysis are decoupled using the calculated solidification parameters and a criterion of dendrite fragmentation.

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Thermoelectric currents and thermoelectric-magnetic effects in full-penetration laser beam welding of aluminum alloy with magnetic field support

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Numerical and experimental investigation of magnesium/aluminum laser welding with magnetic field

Numerical and experimental investigation of magnesium/aluminum laser welding with magnetic field

Numerical and experimental investigation of thermo-fluid flow and element transport in electromagnetic stirring enhanced wire feed laser beam welding

Experimental and numerical assessment of weld pool behavior and final microstructure in wire feed laser beam welding with electromagnetic stirring

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