Thermoelectric behavior of organic thin film nanocomposites

Abstract

Organic thin film nanocomposites, prepared by liquid‐phase exfoliation, were investigated for their superior electrical properties and thermoelectric behavior. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were stabilized by intrinsically conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) in an aqueous solution. The electrical conductivity (σ) was found to increase linearly as 20 to 95 wt % SWNT. At 95 wt % SWNT, these thin films exhibit metallic electrical conductivity (∼4.0 × 105 S m−1) that is among the highest values ever reported for a free‐standing, fully organic material. The thermopower (S) remains relatively unaltered as the electrical conductivity increases, leading to a maximum power factor (S2σ) of 140 μW m−1 K−2. This power factor is within an order of magnitude of bismuth telluride, so it is believed that these flexible films could be used for some unique thermoelectric applications requiring mechanical flexibility and printability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013

Thermal energy harvesting for large-scale applications using MWCNT-grafted glass fibers and polycarbonate-MWCNT nanocomposites

“…Their use can result in polymer composites with electrical conductivities up to 4×10 5 S/m as reported by Moriarty et al [22]. Relatively high filler loadings (>> 50 wt.%) can be realized [16], which result in quite high electrical conductivities [19,20,[23][24][25], while power factors being in the range of ~140 μW/mK -2 have been reported for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) matrix [22]. However, such high filler loadings may result also in a significant increase of thermal conductivity [15,26,27].…”

“…In almost all of the corresponding studies, polymer/CNT nanocomposites have been fabricated by means of solution mixing techniques which are known to be not easy in terms of up-scaling. One often reported approach for thermoelectric CNT polymer nanocomposites is using electrically conductive matrix polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI) [19][20][21][22], polythiophene (PT), and PEDOT as the matrix [22,23]. Their use can result in polymer composites with electrical conductivities up to 4×10 5 S/m as reported by Moriarty et al [22].…”

“…One often reported approach for thermoelectric CNT polymer nanocomposites is using electrically conductive matrix polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI) [19][20][21][22], polythiophene (PT), and PEDOT as the matrix [22,23]. Their use can result in polymer composites with electrical conductivities up to 4×10 5 S/m as reported by Moriarty et al [22]. Relatively high filler loadings (>> 50 wt.%) can be realized [16], which result in quite high electrical conductivities [19,20,[23][24][25], while power factors being in the range of ~140 μW/mK -2 have been reported for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) matrix [22].…”

Carbon-Based Materials for Thermoelectrics

“…Specifically, 30-40 wt% (weight percent) CNT is required to enhance the TE property of PVAc/DWCNT/TCPP [204] PANI/MWCNT(c) [186] P3HT:SWCNT(a) [199] PVAc/SWCNT(a) [127] PANI/MWCNT(d) [187] P3HT: MWCNT [200] PVAc/SWCNT(b) [206] PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT/GA [205] P3HT:SWCNT(b) [215] Nafion/FWCNT [179] PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT/PVAc [172] P3HT:SWCNT(c) [211] PANI/SWCNT(a) [182] PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT [190] PANI/graphene/PANI/DWCNT [202] PANI/SWCNT(b) [208] PEDOT:PSS/DWCNT/TCPP [191] PANI/SWCNT(c) [214] PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT [192] PANI/graphne/PANI/DWCN-PEDOT:PSS [203] PANI/SWCNT(d) [212] PEDOT:PSS/graphene/MWCNT [211] PANI/SWCNT/Te [183] PEI-DWCNT/PVP-graphene [221] PANI/DWCNT [188] PEDOT:PSS/DWCNT [193] PEI/SWCNT/PEI [220] PANI/MWCNT(a) [184] PPy/MWCNT [195] PEI/SWCNT/NaBH [219] 4 PANI/MWCNT(b) [185] PPy/SWCNT [196] PEI:DWNT:graphene [221] p-type n-type PEDOT:PSS, while only 2 wt% graphene can increase the ZT of PEDOT:PSS by 10 times. Strong -bonding that facilitates the dispersion was observed in graphene-embedded PEDOT:PSS thin films.…”

Szerkezeti tényezők hatása a vezető polimerek termoelektromos tulajdonságaira

“…PEDOT/PSS Grafén 32 59 0,14 11,09 0,021 [107] PEDOT/PSS SWCNT 400 27 0,4 26 0,02 [108] PEDOT/PSS SWCNT 4000 20 0,4-0,7 140 0,06 [109] P3HT MWCNT 0,11 11,3 -0,0014 - [110] P3HT [115] Számos munka során vizsgálták egyfalú vagy többfalú szén nanocsöveket vagy grafént a vezetőpolimer-mátrixban véletlenszerűen eloszlatva tartalmazó kompozitok termoelektromos tulajdonságait. [60,[107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115] A vezető polimerek és különböző szénmódosulatok alkotta kompozitokra közölt eredmények közül néhány jellemző értéket a 4. táblázatban mutatok be. A szakirodalmi eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy ezekben a kompozitokban a vezető polimer ugyan nagy hatással van a hővezetésre, jelentősen csökkenti azt, a Seebeckegyüttható egyik esetben sem vesz fel nagy értéket annak ellenére, hogy a polimerek redukált állapotban vannak.…”