Thermoelastic properties of networks in swelling equilibrium: Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Bashaw, J.; Smith, K.

doi:10.1002/pol.1968.160060602

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…A change of swelling and a retractive force can be induced in a polymer network by imposing a uni-directional strain (Flory, 1953;Hoeve & Flory, 1962;Rijke & Taylor, 1967;Bashaw and Smith, 1968;Knibbe, 1968;Shen & Croucher, 1975). Here, only the term (A#1)el of the equilibrium equation is altered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon

Spyropoulos

1979

J. Membrain Biol.

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A previous method of measuring the swelling pressure (delta IIg) of the cytoplasmic gel of the giant axon of Loligo vulgaris was refined. The estimates of delta IIg made with the improved method were consistent with those made with the earlier method. In these methods the activity of the solvent in the gel is measured by increasing the activity of the solvent in the internal phase of the gel by application of hydrostatic pressure to the gel directly. Comparable values for the activity of the solvent in the gel were obtained also by an alternate method, in which the deswelling of the gel is measured upon decreasing the activity of the solvent in the external phase by addition of a nonpenetrating high mol wt polymer (i.e., Ficoll). Additional support was obtained for the earlier suggestion that delta IIg contributes to the swelling and shrinkage pattern of the whole axon. In part, the new evidence involved two consecutive direct measurements of intraxonal pressure. The first measurement was that of a mixed pressure composed of delta IIg and delta IIm (delta IIm being the effective osmotic pressure due to the intra-extraxonal gradient in the activity of mobile solutes). The subsequent measurement was that of delta IIg alone. The latter measurement was made feasible by destroying the axolemma, thereby eliminating the contribution of delta IIm. An estimate of delta IIm was obtained by subtracting delta IIg from the total pressure measured initially. The delta IIm determined by the above method was two orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical osmotic pressure. This is consistent with the delta IIm determined previously, where osmotic intra-extraxonal filtration coefficients were compared to the hydrostatic. The mixed pressure experiments lend credence to the idea that the substantial contribution of delta IIg to the water relations of the whole axon is due to delta IIg being of the same order of magnitude as delta IIm. The degree of free swelling of axoplasmic gels was studied as a function of pH, salt concentration, and hydration radius of the anion of the salt used. The swelling increased with an increase in the reciprocal of the hydration radius, a decrease in salt concentration, and at pH below or above similar to 4.5. The nature of the constraints to the free swelling of axoplasm in axons immersed in seawater was studied. With the seawater employed, these constraints appeared to be due more to the retractive forces of the sheath than to delta IIm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon

Spyropoulos

1979

J. Membrain Biol.

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Thermoelastic properties of polymers in open systems. Determination of the energy fraction f_u/f

Vaško

Romanov

1979

Acta Polymerica

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A relation for calculating the energy fraction fu/f in open systems has been analyzed from the viewpoint of the precise determination of the length of nondeformed sample Lo and its temperature dependence. An iterative method has been proposed for determining the fu/f and thermal coefficient of volume expansion βs and Lo. Various methods for determining fu/f of dry samples have been applied to open systems.

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Hydraulic permeation of liquids through swollen polymeric networks. I. Poly(vinyl alcohol)–water

Ebra-Lima

Paul

1975

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisPoly(viny1 alcohol) membranes were prepared by crosslinking with terephthalaldehyde. Hydraulic permeation of wat+er through this network structure was measured as a function of pressure for temperatures ranging from 18" to 35.8'C. The data were analyzed via a previously developed solution-diffusion theory for hydraulic permeation to give mutual diffusion coefficients. The activation energy for diffusion was found to be 6.5 kcal/mole which compared to the value of 4.3 kcal/mole for viscous flow of water indicates an influence of polymer-liquid interaction on the energetics of the diffusion process.

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Thermoelastic properties of networks in swelling equilibrium: Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon

Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon

Thermoelastic properties of polymers in open systems. Determination of the energy fraction f_u/f

Hydraulic permeation of liquids through swollen polymeric networks. I. Poly(vinyl alcohol)–water

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Thermoelastic properties of networks in swelling equilibrium: Poly(vinyl alcohol)

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon

Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon

Thermoelastic properties of polymers in open systems. Determination of the energy fraction fu/f

Hydraulic permeation of liquids through swollen polymeric networks. I. Poly(vinyl alcohol)–water

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Product

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Thermoelastic properties of polymers in open systems. Determination of the energy fraction f_u/f