Thermodynamics of Nitrogen Solubility and AlN Formation in Multi-Component High Mn Steel Melts

Jang, Jung‐Mock; Paek, Min-Kyu; Pak, Jong‐Jin

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-223

Cited by 23 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The present study can complete the thermodynamic study of N in the typical ferritic stainless steel by merging the authors' recent studies on the Fe-Cr-N, 3) Fe-Ti-N, 4) Fe-Al-N, 5) Fe-Si-N, 6) Fe-Cr-Ti-N, 7) Fe-Cr-Al-N, 8) Fe-Ti-Al-N, 9) Fe-Ti-Si-N 10) and Fe-Al-Si-N 6) systems with a modification for higher-order systems. According to our most recent study, 6) it was also found that the simultaneous effect of alloying elements on N in liquid iron could exist in the multicomponent system at high alloy concentration region. In such a case, it can cause a poor prediction of both N solubility and nitride solubility product without considering the simultaneous effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In the past decade, the present research group has studied the thermodynamics of N solubility and nitride formation in all sub-systems [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] of the Fe-Cr-Ti-Al-Si-N alloy melt which was aimed at developing a thermodynamic database for the refining of ferritic stainless steel. The present study can complete the thermodynamic study of N in the typical ferritic stainless steel by merging the authors' recent studies on the Fe-Cr-N, 3) Fe-Ti-N, 4) Fe-Al-N, 5) Fe-Si-N, 6) Fe-Cr-Ti-N, 7) Fe-Cr-Al-N, 8) Fe-Ti-Al-N, 9) Fe-Ti-Si-N 10) and Fe-Al-Si-N 6) systems with a modification for higher-order systems. According to our most recent study, 6) it was also found that the simultaneous effect of alloying elements on N in liquid iron could exist in the multicomponent system at high alloy concentration region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamics of Nitrogen Solubility and Nitride Formation in Fe–Cr–Ti–Al–Si–N Alloy Melts

et al. 2020

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Thermodynamic behavior of nitrogen in Fe-Cr-Ti-Al-Si-N alloy melts was investigated by measuring the nitrogen solubility and solubility product of TiN and AlN by the metal/gas and metal/nitride/gas equilibration techniques at 1 823-1 873 K, respectively. The nitrogen solubility data measured in Fe-Cr-Ti, Fe-Cr-Si, Fe-Ti-Al and Fe-Cr-Al alloy melts was thermodynamically analyzed to determine the second-order cross-product parameters of Cr-Ti, Cr-Si, Al-Ti and Cr-Al on nitrogen in liquid iron using Wagner's formalism. By considering the cross-product effect on nitrogen determined in the present study, the effects of the alloying elements on the solubility product of TiN and AlN in the multicomponent Fe-Cr-Ti, Fe-Ti-Al and Fe-Cr-Al alloy melts were successfully reproduced over the wide temperature range.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Nitrogen Solubility and Nitride Formation in Fe–Cr–Ti–Al–Si–N Alloy Melts

et al. 2020

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“…The formation of AlN inclusions can be calculated thermodynamically using the following equations

[Al] + [N] = {(AlN)}_{(s)}

Δ G_{AlN}^{θ} = - 303 500 + 134.6 T J {mol}^{- 1}

\log K_{AlN} = \log \frac{a_{AlN}}{h_{Al} h_{normalN}} = \log \frac{1}{f_{Al} f_{normalN} [wt % Al] [wt % N]}

where

Δ G_{AlN}^{normalθ}

is the standard Gibbs free energy change of reaction (Equation ), T is the working temperature (1873 K, 1600 °C), and

K_{AlN}

is the equilibrium constant of the reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of AlN inclusions can be calculated thermodynamically using the following equations. [8,21,22] ½Al þ ½N ¼ ðAlNÞ ðsÞ (2)…”

Section: Formation Of Aln Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and MnS were the dominant inclusions in samples produced in the laboratory and the AOD process, whereas MnO·Al 2 O 3 ·SiO 2 -type inclusions were the dominant inclusions in the ESR process. Gigacher et al [7] also reported the presence of Al 2 O 3 -MnO with AlN and/or MnS, single AlN, and single MnS inclusions in (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) Mn-3Al-3Si steels. Several other studies have reported similar types of inclusions present in AHSSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Alba

Nabeel

Dogan

2019

steel research int.

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Herein, the effect of Mn content on the characteristics and the formation of inclusions in light‐weight Fe–Mn–Al steels is investigated. Three laboratory‐produced steels, containing different manganese contents (2%, 5%, and 20%) are investigated. 2D and 3D inclusion characterization methods are used to establish inclusion classification rules for oxide, sulfide, and nitride inclusions using an automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) (ASPEX system). The observed inclusions are classified into Al2O3(pure), Al2O3–MnS, AlN(pure), AlN–MnS, AlON–MnS, AlON, and MnS. The results show that an increased Mn content of steel increases the number of inclusions, especially Al2O3–MnS and AlN–MnS inclusions. In the case of Al2O3–MnS inclusions, Al2O3 inclusions serve as the site for precipitation of MnS. Thermodynamic calculations suggest that the AlN‐containing inclusions formed during cooling and solidification of steels. Moreover, the formation of AlN–MnS inclusions can take place by the nucleation of MnS on AlN inclusions and vice versa.

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Effect of Ti Addition on Non‐Metallic Inclusion Characteristics in TRIP Steel

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Herein, the effect of Ti addition on the formation and evolution of inclusions in high‐Al transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) steel is investigated by performing a series of laboratory experiments and thermodynamic calculations for different quantities and sequences of Ti addition. Before the addition of Al and Ti, the main inclusions are spherical Mn–Si–Al–O oxide particles. The addition of Al transforms the Mn–Si–Al–O inclusions to Al2O3 inclusion. After the subsequent addition of 0.02 wt% Ti, the main inclusions are Al2O3, AlN, Al2O3–AlN, Al2O3–TiN, and Al2O3–AlN–TiN. However, after the subsequent addition of 0.05 or 0.12 wt% Ti to molten steel, the main inclusions are Al2O3, TiN, and Al2O3–TiN, and almost no AlN is observed. Using different addition sequences of Al and Ti to high‐Al TRIP steel does not result in significant differences in the types of inclusions. Adding Ti to molten steel does not transform Al2O3 to Ti‐oxides, whereas Al addition causes Ti‐oxides to be transformed to Al2O3. Importantly, adding over 0.05 wt% Ti to TRIP steel prevents the formation of AlN inclusion.

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Thermodynamics of Nitrogen Solubility and AlN Formation in Multi-Component High Mn Steel Melts

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Thermodynamics of Nitrogen Solubility and Nitride Formation in Fe–Cr–Ti–Al–Si–N Alloy Melts

Thermodynamics of Nitrogen Solubility and Nitride Formation in Fe–Cr–Ti–Al–Si–N Alloy Melts

Investigation of Inclusion Formation in Light‐Weight Fe–Mn–Al Steels using Automated Scanning Electron Microscope Equipped with Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy

Effect of Ti Addition on Non‐Metallic Inclusion Characteristics in TRIP Steel

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