Thermodynamics of liquids in capillary medium

Al-Kindi, Ilyas; Babadagli, Tayfun

doi:10.1017/jfm.2020.759

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In porous media, capillary pressure characteristically controls the fluid flow, which could also impact the phase change, meaning that smaller pores (higher capillary pressure) cause quicker phase change. 2 Therefore, the capillarity effect controls the uniformity of fluid vaporization in the system if the pore sizes are heterogeneously distributed. Figure 9 presents the vaporization of pentane captured in the homogeneous and heterogeneous models.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The uniform glass model represents extended tight rocks, such as shale, whose pore sizes are nearly similar to each other. The variation of pore sizes in shale was investigated by Al-Kindi and Babadagli and Liu et al; based on their pore size distribution analysis, shales mostly consist of pores ranging from micropores (<1 nm) to 70 nm. The pore size distribution analysis was done by using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis which quantifies the nitrogen adsorbed volume in the rock pores.…”

Section: Microfluidics Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase alteration is a commonly encountered phenomenon in many engineering applications and natural processes in underground reservoir systems or synthetic porous media. − These include CO 2 sequestration, conventional and unconventional oil and gas production, geothermal systems, waste deposition, and synthetic porous systems such as filters. Throughout the primary production period of oil or gas, the decline of reservoir pressure leads to the vaporization of hydrocarbons, starting from the lighter components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small (nano)capillaries have a major impact on the process as boiling occurs quicker (at lower temperatures) compared to larger capillaries. , Therefore, capillary size and distribution controls the whole process, meaning further phase change and the displacement and entrapment of the gas and liquid phases. In our prior studies, − vaporization temperatures of various hydrocarbons were studied using different lab-scale capillary models such as Hele–Shaw silica-glass cells, microfluidics chips, and reservoir rocks (Berea sandstone, Indiana limestone, tight sandstone, and shale). These studies qualitatively and quantitively investigated the phase behavior (boiling temperatures and pressures of hydrocarbon solvents) and showed that phase change occurs more quickly as the medium becomes tighter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation and Entrapment of Hydrocarbons in Porous Media under Capillarity Controlled Phase-Alteration Conditions: A Visual Microfluidics Analysis

Al-Kindi

Babadagli

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The displacement characteristics of gas–liquid systems in capillary media under nonisothermal and nonisobaric conditions are controlled by capillarity as phase alteration (specifically vaporization) starts earlier in smaller (nano)capillaries compared to the larger ones. For an accurate modeling of these types of natural and engineered processes, this thermodynamically dictated displacement process should be well understood. With this aim, the capillarity effect on phase change and the displacement dynamics of hydrocarbon liquids in homogeneous and heterogenous silicate microfluidics chips was studied. It was observed that the boiling temperatures of pentane, a pentane–heptane mixture, and a pentane–heptane–octane mixture were 1.6–6.9% lower than bulk measurements due to confinement effects, and the early vaporization had a significant influence on the vapor displacement process. In homogeneous (uniform capillary pressure distribution) porous media, the consistency of capillary pressure resulted in a uniform and quicker propagation/displacement of vapor. However, in the media with variable capillary pressure (heterogeneous pore structure), the vapor’s flow tended to take place nonuniformly along the system, thus leading to a major gas fingering and gas-flow restriction. The presence of otherheaviercomponents (liquid phase) in the porous medium developed an excessive barrier against the vapor’s flow throughout the pore channels that was specifically caused by the viscous forces of the liquids. Moreover, it was observed that the existence of liquids with high boiling points contribute to slowing the vapor propagation of the lighter components, and the gas displacement becomes slower as the density and viscosity of the liquid-phase components increases.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microfluidics Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Propagation and Entrapment of Hydrocarbons in Porous Media under Capillarity Controlled Phase-Alteration Conditions: A Visual Microfluidics Analysis

Al-Kindi

Babadagli

2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“… Change of pore volumes of various pore diameters, ranging between 1 and 100 nm, based on nitrogen desorption 20 . …”

Section: Experimental Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Kelvin equation and Peng–Robinson equation of state for accurate modeling of hydrocarbon phase behavior in nano capillaries

Al-Kindi

Babadagli

2021

Sci Rep

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The thermodynamics of fluids in confined (capillary) media is different from the bulk conditions due to the effects of the surface tension, wettability, and pore radius as described by the classical Kelvin equation. This study provides experimental data showing the deviation of propane vapour pressures in capillary media from the bulk conditions. Comparisons were also made with the vapour pressures calculated by the Peng–Robinson equation-of-state (PR-EOS). While the propane vapour pressures measured using synthetic capillary medium models (Hele–Shaw cells and microfluidic chips) were comparable with those measured at bulk conditions, the measured vapour pressures in the rock samples (sandstone, limestone, tight sandstone, and shale) were 15% (on average) less than those modelled by PR-EOS.

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Scalable Fabric‐Based Solar Steam Generator

Li,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Solar steam generation has emerged as a promising approach to address water scarcity issues globally. However, a few challenges remain, including high cost, limited scalability, and salt accumulation, before this technique can be adopted by the general population. Here, an all‐in‐one photothermal fabric is reported such as a solar steam generator (SSG), consisting of commercial hydrophilic superfine denier polypropylene fiber and water‐repellent expandable polyethylene foam, manufactured via a conventional weaving machine. By tailoring the yarn twist and density, optimized micro‐macro hierarchical channels can be created in the SSG to provide sufficient water supplementation and continuous steam generation. Due to the Marangoni effect introduced by the temperature gradient along the yarns water with high salinity transports to the bulk water, realizing a salt‐rejecting property. As a result, the SSG demonstrates a rapid evaporation rate of 1.408 kg m−2 h−1 and energy efficiency of 92.43% under 1 sun, as well as outstanding stability for desalination of high salinity brine (10 wt% NaCl). Furthermore, this strategy provides a new solution to achieve excellent cost‐effectiveness in clean water production at ≈1700 g h−1 $−1. This work provides a sustainable fabric‐based SSG for practical large‐scale clean water production, and can potentially inspire other textiles‐based water treatment.

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Thermodynamics of liquids in capillary medium

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Propagation and Entrapment of Hydrocarbons in Porous Media under Capillarity Controlled Phase-Alteration Conditions: A Visual Microfluidics Analysis

Propagation and Entrapment of Hydrocarbons in Porous Media under Capillarity Controlled Phase-Alteration Conditions: A Visual Microfluidics Analysis

Revisiting Kelvin equation and Peng–Robinson equation of state for accurate modeling of hydrocarbon phase behavior in nano capillaries

Scalable Fabric‐Based Solar Steam Generator

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