Thermodynamics of Iron Oxidation in Metallurgical Slags

Matousek, J. W.

doi:10.1007/s11837-012-0461-7

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We refit the data of [125] to a Murnaghan equation of state for FeO 1.5 (liq), while taking values from Lange et al [124] and Kress & Carmicheal [126] for FeO(liq). For both models, we take the standard Gibbs energy of formation of the liquid oxides from Kowalski & Spencer [129] and calculate activity coefficients for the liquid oxides from Matousek [130]. For both models, we take a value of κ = 4 for both oxides.…”

Section: (D) Mantle Oxidation Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Magma oceans as a critical stage in the tectonic development of rocky planets

Schaefer¹,

Elkins‐Tanton²

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Magma oceans are a common result of the high degree of heating that occurs during planet formation. It is thought that almost all of the large rocky bodies in the Solar System went through at least one magma ocean phase. In this paper, we review some of the ways in which magma ocean models for the Earth, Moon, and Mars match present day observations of mantle reservoirs, internal structure, and primordial crusts, and then we present new calculations for the oxidation state of the mantle produced during the magma ocean phase.The crystallization of magma oceans likely leads to a massive mantle overturn that may set up a stably stratified mantle. This may lead to significant delays or total prevention of plate tectonics on some planets. We review recent models that may help partly alleviate the mantle stability issue and lead to earlier onset of plate tectonics. Magma oceans are commonMagma oceans appear to be a common outcome of formation processes for large rocky bodies [1,2]. Small planetesimals and embryos can form on very short timescales in the protoplanetary disk, so that they incorporate significant amounts of short-lived radionuclides such as 26 Al and 60 Fe that can produce enough heat to at least partially melt many of these objects [3,4]. Models suggest that the asteroid 4 Vesta, which is the source of the howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites, went through a magma ocean stage due to such short-lived heating [5][6][7]. Many iron meteorites, which are likely the remnants of differentiated planetesimals, have ages of only ~1 Myr after Solar System formation, indicating very early, short-lived magma oceans [8,9].Larger objects like the Earth take long enough to assemble that short-lived radionuclides cannot provide sufficient heating to melt them. For these larger, later-assembling bodies, substantial heating can come from accretionary impacts [e.g. 10,11] and gravitational segregation of metallic iron into the centre of the planet.Giant impacts also appear to be common in N-body simulations of rocky planet formation [12], and are likely to cause wide-spread melting that can lead to differentiation in both silicates and metals [13].In this paper we will discuss several ways in which forward magma ocean models do a good job of matching real-world observations of the Earth, Moon, and Mars. Magma ocean models can produce large, low-shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) at the base of Earth's mantle through cumulate overturn and predict that these structures are stable over billions of years. Lunar magma ocean models can produce the internal differentiation of the Moon, including the anorthositic crust, the source regions for the picritic glasses and mare basalts, and the KREEP component, rich in incompatible elements. Models of the magma ocean on Mars can produce early crust, some of which may be preserved to the present day, and which could be hydrated by the earliest atmosphere to produce primordial clays. We also introduce new calculations that show that magma ocean models can produce the present-day man...

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Section: (D) Mantle Oxidation Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Magma oceans as a critical stage in the tectonic development of rocky planets

Schaefer¹,

Elkins‐Tanton²

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…[15] In copper smelting process, the oxygen partial pressures range from 10 À9 to 10 À7 atm. [20] Previous studies [21,22] have shown that viscosities of copper smelting slags are not sensitive to the oxygen partial pressures. A recent study [23] by the author again confirmed that oxygen partial pressures have little effect on viscosity unless solid phase is formed.…”

Section: Industrial Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Measurements of SiO2-“FeO”-CaO System in Equilibrium with Metallic Fe

Chen

Zhao

2014

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…Matousek J.M. 8 summarized the effect of the reduction potential and Fe/SiO 2 ratio on the carbon reduction process of molten copper slag at 1250 K and showed that the transformation of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ in the slag requires a lower oxygen potential. The lower oxygen potential may generate metallic iron due to excessive reduction; thus, the oxygen potential should be controlled in the range of 10 −9 –10 −10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smelting reduction and kinetics analysis of magnetic iron in copper slag using waste cooking oil

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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To improve the recovery of copper, the viscosity of copper molten slag is decreased by the reduction of magnetic iron, which, in turn, accelerates the settling and separation of copper droplets from the slag. A new technology is proposed in which waste cooking oil is used as a reductant to reduce magnetic iron in the copper smelting slag and consequently reduce carbon emissions in the copper smelting process. A kinetic model of the reduction of magnetic iron in copper slag by waste cooking oil was built using experimental data, and the accuracy of the model was verified. The results indicated that the magnetic iron content in the copper slag decreased with increasing reduction time and an increase in temperature more efficiently reduced magnetic iron in the copper slag. The magnetic iron in the copper slag gradually transformed to fayalite, and the viscosity of the copper molten slag decreased as the magnetic iron content decreased during the reduction process. The reduction of magnetic iron in the copper molten slag using waste cooking oil was a first-order reaction, and the rate-limiting step was the mass transfer of Fe3O4 through the liquid boundary layer.

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Thermodynamics of Iron Oxidation in Metallurgical Slags

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Magma oceans as a critical stage in the tectonic development of rocky planets

Magma oceans as a critical stage in the tectonic development of rocky planets

Viscosity Measurements of SiO2-“FeO”-CaO System in Equilibrium with Metallic Fe

Smelting reduction and kinetics analysis of magnetic iron in copper slag using waste cooking oil

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