Thermodynamics of hydrothermal carbonization: Assessment of the heat release profile and process enthalpy change

Pecchi, Matteo; Patuzzi, Francesco; Maggio, R. Di; Baratieri, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106206

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The energy balance revealed that hydrothermal carbonization is an exothermic process with a heat of reaction of −823 Joules per gram of pruning wood (Figure 1a). This value fit closely with the experimental measurement of −760 J/g obtained by Funke and Ziegler for poplar wood HTC at 240 • C [64] and the recent assessment done by Pecchi et al [65] for cellulose and pine wood. This kind of analysis is published for vineyard pruning wood for the first time.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Physical Activationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production

2020

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An activated carbon manufacturing process from winemaking waste is analyzed. In that way, vine shoots conversion is studied as a basis for plant designing, and mass and energy balances of hydrothermal carbonization and physical activation are fulfilled. To develop an energy-integrated plant, a network of heat exchangers is allocated to recover heat waste, and a cogeneration cycle is designed to provide electricity and remaining heat process demands. Furthermore, thermoeconomic analysis is applied to determine the thermodynamic efficiency and the economic viability of the plant. Energy balance indicates that heat exchangers energy integration covers 48.9% of the overall demands by crossing hot and cold streams and recovering heat from residual flue gas. On the other hand, the exergy costs analysis identifies combustion of pruning wood as the main source of exergy destruction, confirming the suitability of the integration to improve the thermodynamic performance. Attending to economic costs analysis, production scale and vineyard pruning wood price are identified as a critical parameter on process profitability. With a scale of 2.5 ton/h of pruning wood carbonization, a break-event point to compete with activated carbons from biomass origin is reached. Nevertheless, cost of pruning wood is identified as another important economic parameter, pointing out the suitability of wet methods such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to treat them as received form the harvest and to contribute to cutting down its prices.

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Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Physical Activationsupporting

confidence: 91%

Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production

2020

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“…1a). This value fit closely with the experimental measurement of -760 J/g obtained by Funke and Ziegler for wood HTC at 240 ºC [46] and the recent assessment done by Pecchi et al [47] for cellulose and wood. It is pertinent to mark the importance of executing meticulous elemental mass balances based on experimental measurements, in order to prevent unexpected deviations; for example, simplifying the analysis by supposing a gas phase composed entirely of CO2 would have led to a 35% overestimation of the carbonization heat in the present research.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Physupporting

confidence: 91%

Activated Carbon From Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analsys for Large-Scale Production

Lorero¹,

Vizcaíno²,

López³

2020

Preprint

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An activated carbon manufacturing process using winemaking waste is analyzed and designed at industrial scale. Starting from experimental research, the chemical transformations and thermodynamics during pruning wood conversion are studied as a basis for plant design. In this way, mass and energy balances of hydrothermal carbonization and physical activation are fulfilled and a thermoeconomic methodology is applied to develop an energy-integrated plant. To achieve this target, a network of heat exchangers is allocated to minimize heat consumption and supply hot domestic water, while a cogeneration cycle is designed to provide electricity and satisfy the remaining heat demand. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the influence of the production scale and other operation parameters, such as annual workload, service life, and capital and feedstock costs, on the economic viability of the plant. The energy balance of the plant indicates that the energy integration design manages to provide 48.9% of the overall process energy demand by crossing hot and cold streams and recovering heat from residual flue gas. On the other hand, the exergy cost analysis identifies the combustion of pruning wood used to provide heat demands as the main source of exergy destruction, confirming the suitability of integration to improve the thermodynamic performance. Including activated carbon production, electricity, and hot domestic water, the exergy efficiency of the plant stands at 11.5%.

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“…Comparative studies between dry thermochemical conversion and HTC of waste biomass showed that the latter could be more energetically favorable, promoting higher degree of carbonization of feedstock at same reaction temperatures [17]. Moreover, hydrochars display significantly better energy and fuel qualities than the corresponding pyrochars obtained at the same temperatures [18,19]. Since the rediscovery of wet thermochemical treatment of biomass as a valuable process for CO 2 sequestration and production of renewable solid biofuels [20][21][22], HTC has been used to convert many kinds of waste biomass: lignocellulosic material as olive mill industry wastes [23] loblolly pine [24]; agro-waste such as: tomato peel [25], orange waste [26], wheat straw [27], food waste [28], organic fraction of municipal solid waste [29], paper mill industry wastes [30][31][32],sewage sludge [33,34] and plastic wastes [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of cellulose during hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass

Volpe

Messineo

Mäkelä

et al. 2020

Fuel Processing Technology

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Hydrothermal carbonization of pure cellulose and birchwood samples was carried out at temperatures between 160 and 280 °C, 0.5 h residence time and biomass-to-water ratio of 20 wt% dry basis, to investigate HTC reactivity of cellulose naturally occurring lignocellulosic biomass. Pure cellulose samples remained unaltered at temperatures up to 220 °C, but significantly decomposed at 230 °C producing a thermal recalcitrant aromatic, high energy-dense material, showing lignin-like behavior. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed dehydration and aromatization reactions occurring at temperatures equal or higher than 230 °C for pure cellulose samples while similar increase in aromatization for birchwood hydrochars was evident only at temperatures equal or higher than 260 °C. Acid hydrolysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FTIR suggest that a higher thermal resistance of natural occurring cellulose in birchwood (when compared to pure cellulose sample) could be related to a 'protecting shield' offered by interlinked lignin in the plant matrix.

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Thermodynamics of hydrothermal carbonization: Assessment of the heat release profile and process enthalpy change

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production

Activated Carbon from Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analysis for Large-Scale Production

Activated Carbon From Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analsys for Large-Scale Production

Reactivity of cellulose during hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass

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