Thermodynamics of GPCR activation

Zhang, Xuejun C.; Zhou, Ye; Cao, Can

doi:10.1007/s41048-016-0017-4

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A large variety of collective phenomena has been reported in the experimental realizations of self-propelled rods mentioned above. The formation of polar clusters with a characteristic size distribution within which rods move in parallel and related giant number fluctuations were found in experiments employing monolayers of swarming Bacillus subtilis [26] and in Myxococcus xanthus mutants [27][28][29], see Fig. 1a.…”

Section: Self-propelled Rodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Self-Propelled Rods: Insights and Perspectives for Active Matter

Bär

Großmann

Heidenreich

et al. 2020

Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.

245

193

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A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria, in-vitro motility assays as well as shaken granular media are commonly described as self-propelled rods. Large ensembles of those entities display a large variety of self-organized, collective phenomena, including formation of moving polar clusters, polar and nematic dynamic bands, mobility-induced phase separation, topological defects and mesoscale turbulence, among others. Here, we give a brief survey of experimental observations and review the theoretical description of selfpropelled rods. Our focus is on the emergent pattern formation of ensembles of dry self-propelled rods governed by short-ranged, contact mediated interactions and their wet counterparts that are also subject to long-ranged hydrodynamic flows. Altogether, self-propelled rods provide an overarching theme covering many aspects of active matter containing well-explored limiting cases. Their collective behavior not only bridges the well-studied regimes of polar self-propelled particles and active nematics, and includes active phase separation, but also reveals a rich variety of new patterns. arXiv:1907.00360v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]

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Section: Self-propelled Rodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Self-Propelled Rods: Insights and Perspectives for Active Matter

Bär

Großmann

Heidenreich

et al. 2020

Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.

245

193

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“…In the context of our DW-driving hypothesis, such an alternation in protonation status favors conformational change during the activation transition (Zhang et al 2014(Zhang et al , 2015. More specifically, the protonated C6.47 is subjected to an electrostatic force exerted by DW which points in the intracellular direction.…”

Section: Deprotonation Of Cys647mentioning

confidence: 95%

Proton transfer during class-A GPCR activation: do the CWxP motif and the membrane potential act in concert?

2018

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“…In general, these substances may be divided into three classes: those (1) whose binding increases the transition rate relative to transition-0; (2) whose binding has no effect on the transition rate; and (3) whose binding reduces the transition rate. Borrowing terminology from receptor-mediated signaling (Zhang et al 2016), in terms of promoting the conformational transition of the uniporter, these three types of ligands may be considered as agonists, antagonists, and (partial) inverse agonists. While glucose transported by GLUT1 belongs to the first type of ligands, glucose transported by GLUT4 seems to belong to the second (Nishimura et al 1993).…”

Section: Reduction Of the Energy Barrier Of The Transition Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Uniporter substrate binding and transport: reformulating mechanistic questions

Zhang

Han

2016

Biophys Rep

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Transporters are involved in material transport, signaling, and energy input in all living cells. One of the fundamental questions about transporters is concerned with the precise role of their substrate in driving the transport process. This is particularly important for uniporters, which must utilize the chemical potential of substrate as the only energy source driving the transport. Thus, uniporters present an excellent model for the understanding of how the difference in substrate concentration across the membrane is used as a driving force. Local conformational changes induced by substrate binding are widely considered as the main mechanism to drive the functional cycle of a transporter; in addition, reducing the energy barrier of the transition state has also been proposed to drive the transporter. However, both points of view require modification to allow consolidation with fundamental thermodynamic principles. Here, we discuss the relationship between thermodynamics and kinetics of uniporters. Substrate binding-induced reduction of the transition-state energy barrier accelerates the transport process in kinetic terms, while the chemical potential of the substrate drives the process thermodynamically.

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Thermodynamics of GPCR activation

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Self-Propelled Rods: Insights and Perspectives for Active Matter

Self-Propelled Rods: Insights and Perspectives for Active Matter

Proton transfer during class-A GPCR activation: do the CWxP motif and the membrane potential act in concert?

Uniporter substrate binding and transport: reformulating mechanistic questions

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