Thermodynamics of formation of carnallite type double salts

Study of (m1LiX+m2CaX2)(aq) wheremidenotes molality andXdenotes Cl, or Br at the temperature 298.15 K

“…(5,(17)(18)(19) In calculating the ternary parameters we have included the unsymmetrical mixing terms E θ and E θ , according to reference 14. In our previous studies on chloride and bromide systems (5,6,15,(24)(25)(26)(27) containing the same cations (M + and Me 2+ ), and where double salts with the same stoichiometric composition crystallize, the following relationships have been found: the absolute value of the sum of the ternary parameters for the bromide systems is larger than that for the corresponding chloride system, and the r G o m values for the chloride double salts are lower than those for the corresponding bromide double salts. Using the foregoing model The solubility isotherms of the ternary solutions at T = 298.15 K are calculated on the basis of the thermodynamic functions obtained.…”

Development of intermolecular potential models for electrolyte solutions using an electrolyte SAFT-VR Mie equation of state

“…The experimental data for γ exp ±,m at salt saturation are obtained from [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100], and the values of K sp calculated from Equation (55) or taken from [101] are presented in Table 10. We predict the solubility limits at 298 K and 1.01 bar for a number of aqueous salt solutions using the solubility equation with the solubility product obtained from both Equations (42) and (55); the results are presented in Table 11 alongside the experimental solubility data [70,[102][103][104]. It is immediately evident that our predicted solubilities for the most commonly studied salts are in better agreement with the reported experimental solubilities than for the less commonly encountered salts; it is possible that the tabulated reference data for the Gibbs free energy of formation and the solubility product for the more common salts are more reliable.…”

Isodimorphic co-crystallization of isostructural ammonium chloro- and bromo-carnallites

“…It is evident that when DV has a low value, a continuous series of mixed crystals appears (isomorphic co-crystallization). When DV e 0.1000 nm 3 , the series of mixed crystals will be discontinuous (isodimorphic co-crystallization). It is obvious that co-crystallization of chlorocarnallites or bromocarnallites (i.e.…”

“…The double salts were prepared preliminarily from saturated solutions within the crystallization fields of the double salts of the corresponding ternary solutions: (b 1 NH 4 Cl + b 2 MgCl 2 )(aq) and (b 1 NH 4 Br + b 2 MgBr 2 )(aq). (3) All chemicals used (NH 4 Cl, NH 4 Br, MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O, and MgBr 2 ·6H 2 O) were of analytical grade. The systems were studied by the method of isothermal decrease of the supersaturation.…”

“…(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) Most double-salt chlorocarnallites, bromocarnallites, and iodocarnallites are isostructural and crystallize in a monoclinic crystal system (space group C2/c). (8,9) The only known exception is potassium chlorocarnallite which crystallizes in an orthorhombic crystal system.…”