Thermodynamics of climate change between cloud cover, atmospheric temperature and humidity

Mendoza, V. M.; Pazos, Marni; Garduño, René; Mendoza, B.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00555-5

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Figure 5c reveals the lower atmosphere on the left of the AGWs area (east coast of the Leizhou Peninsula) is drier. Adequate moisture or high relative humidity in the atmosphere is a prerequisite for cloud formation (Mendoza et al., 2021). Figure 5e shows that the cloud fraction content of the AGWs area was up to 90%, but it is very low (∼10%) on the left of the AGWs area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Observations and a Numerical Study of Recurring Atmospheric Gravity Waves Along the South China Sea Coast

Liu,

Shen,

2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Several groups of diurnal recurring atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) were observed on an Environmental Satellite (Envisat) advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) image and six Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images acquired along the South China Sea (SCS) coast for four days from March 3 to 6, 2010. The unique observations are that the previously observed AGWs seldom recurred in a region for multiple days. Each cycle of these observed AGWs had undergone three stages: generation, propagation, and dissipation daily. Both SAR‐imaged sea surface roughness patterns and MODIS‐observed cloud imprints show that the AGWs were a group of transverse waves along the coast. We implemented the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand the physical characteristics and dynamical mechanisms of these AGWs. The WRF simulated results indicated that the AGWs were upstream waves triggered by the interaction of the southerly wind and topography and dissipated by the diurnal warming. We applied the spectral analysis to the model‐simulated vertical wind field and explored that the leading wave crest length and crest‐to‐crest wavelength are 156.25 km and 7.14 km, respectively. The wave period and phase speed of the upstream AGWs within the vital observation of SAR are 1.81 hours and 1.26 m/s, respectively. The fifth‐generation ECMWF reanalysis hourly data was used to explore the rarity of the recurring AGWs and proved that the stable air‐sea temperature difference was the main reason for the rarity of this event. And sufficient cloud content (>50%) was necessary for the MODIS to capture the AGWs’ imprints.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Observations and a Numerical Study of Recurring Atmospheric Gravity Waves Along the South China Sea Coast

Liu,

Shen,

2023

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Here T m and p m were given earlier in equations (3) and (14). The operator .. D Dt ( ) is the advective derivative of the j-th component of a saturated moist air in spherical coordinates.…”

Section: Conservation Of Mass Of Moist Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider a saturated moist atmosphere with four components, dry air, water vapor, cloud water, and rain subjected to a local generated perturbation of temperature T m (λ, f, z, t) = 0.025T mo (λ, f, z) that was induced at 9 1 48 o ¢ N, 38 44 24  ¢  E and 6.324 km above the Earth's surface at an initial time t = 0. For this specific work, the equilibrium temperature T mo (λ, f, z) of the saturated moist air was obtained by solving equation (3) that varies with only the spatial variables f and z but don't change with longitude λ and time t. The overall atmospheric model simulation processes for this specific work are described by the partial differential equations ( 16), ( 18), (23),and the ideal gas relation (14). By numerically computing those equations with the use of the finite difference method (FDM) [1] on an unstragered grid cell, key atmospheric parameters that responded to the temperature perturbation were extracted at a specific longitude and elevation above the Earth's surface.…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visible clouds cover more than half of the planet [13] and it is referred to as the 'regulator' of radiation balance in the Earth-atmosphere system [2] and is crucial to the planetary energy and water cycles [14,15]. Furthermore, clouds act as a shield against long wave radiation that is released by continents and oceans, absorbing it and re-emitting part of it back into space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of temperature perturbation on moisture dynamics

Abawari,

Elfaged

2024

J. Phys. Commun.

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We analyzed the perturbation effect of temperature on the moisture content in the atmosphere,considering the saturation phenomenon. The air parcels of a saturated atmosphere are made of dry air, vapor, cloud, and rain water that ﬂow on a rotating Earth, with a temperature perturbations induced at 9o1′48”N, 38o44′24”E and 6.324km above the Earth’s surface. The fundamental atmospheric parameter of this saturated moist air was treated as temperature-dependent, and the pressure force exerted on it by the precipitation and cloud water is not considered in the numerical computation. In this proposed research, the initial value of wind speed along zonal, meridional, and vertical directions varies with elevation, and the interaction of the atmosphere with the Earth’s surface is not neglected. The result of the investigation revealed that a single tropospheric disturbance of an atmospheric variable is a major factor in the spread of different long period waves patterns (350 hours) and this atmospheric oscillations play a crucial role in transferring energy, momentum, and mass across different parts of the atmosphere, impacting global climate systems.

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“…The stomatal openings themselves can also be affect by changes in light levels (Shimazaki et al, 2007) and vapour pressure deficit (Oren et al, 1999). By analogy at the vine canopy scale, the amount of net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy (R c ) provides the energy for canopy transpiration (Monteith and Unsworth, 2013) and can be affected by changes in cloud cover associated with climate change (Mendoza et al, 2021) and global dimming/brightening associated with human-induced pollution and its interaction with the climate (Wild, 2009). Canopy dimensions are also an important factor in determining R c (Riou et al, 1989;Pieri, 2010) and can be modified by growers as an adaptation to climate change (van Leeuwen et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variety-specific response of bulk stomatal conductance of grapevine canopies to changes in net radiation, atmospheric demand, and drought stress.

et al. 2022

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In wine growing regions around the world, climate change has the potential to affect vine transpiration and overall vineyard water use due to related changes in daily atmospheric conditions and soil water deficits. Grapevines control their transpiration in response to such changes by regulating conductance of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The response of bulk stomatal conductance, the vine canopy equivalent of stomatal conductance, to such changes were studied on Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Ugni blanc, and Semillon vines in a non-irrigated vineyard in Bordeaux France. Whole-vine sap flow, temperature and humidity in the vine canopy, and net radiation absorbed by the vine canopy were measured on 15-minute intervals from early July through mid-September 2020, together with periodic measurements of leaf area, canopy porosity, and predawn leaf water potential. From these data, bulk stomatal conductance was calculated on 15-minute intervals, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify key variables and their relative effect on conductance. For the regression analysis, attention was focused on addressing non-linearity and collinearity in the explanatory variables and developing a model that was readily interpretable.Variability of vapour pressure deficit in the vine canopy over the day and predawn water potential over the season explained much of the variability in bulk stomatal conductance overall, with relative differences between varieties appearing to be driven in large part by differences in conductance response to predawn water potential between the varieties. Transpiration simulations based on the regression equations found similar differences between varieties in terms of daily and seasonal transpiration. These simulations also compared well with those from an accepted vineyard water balance model, although there appeared to be differences between the two approaches in the rate at which conductance, and hence transpiration is reduced as a function of decreasing soil water content (i.e., increasing water deficit stress). By better characterizing the response of bulk stomatal conductance, the dynamics of vine transpiration can be better parameterized in vineyard water use modeling of current and future climate scenarios.

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Thermodynamics of climate change between cloud cover, atmospheric temperature and humidity

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Satellite Observations and a Numerical Study of Recurring Atmospheric Gravity Waves Along the South China Sea Coast

Satellite Observations and a Numerical Study of Recurring Atmospheric Gravity Waves Along the South China Sea Coast

Influence of temperature perturbation on moisture dynamics

Variety-specific response of bulk stomatal conductance of grapevine canopies to changes in net radiation, atmospheric demand, and drought stress.

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