Thermodynamics of a dense plasma

Norman, G. É.; Starostin, A. N.

doi:10.1007/bf00607515

Cited by 30 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The insulator-metal transition is characterized by a certain value of the direct current electrical conductivity (Mott minimum conductivity). Landau and Zeldovich (6) first discussed such a transition in the Soviet literature in 1943; Norman and Starostin carried out calculations of the PPT in 1968 (7) and 1970 (8). The PPT, predicted to have a critical point, has never been definitively observed experimentally.…”

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confidence: 99%

The insulator-metal transition in hydrogen

Silvera

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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I n their pioneering work over 75 years ago, Wigner and Huntington (1) predicted that solid molecular hydrogen would dissociate and become an atomic metal when pressurized to 25 GPa (25 GPa = 0.25 megabar) at a temperature T = 0 K. Subsequently, one of the great challenges of condensed matter physics in the past and present century has been to achieve metallization of hydrogen. Theory and experiment have worked hand in hand. Hydrogen is conceptually the simplest of all atoms, with a single proton and electron, doubled in the molecule, yet it is extremely challenging to theorists. This is mainly because of the light mass, resulting in large zero-point motion (i.e., motion of the nuclei of a many-body solid at 0 K). To achieve the most accurate theoretical results, a full quantum mechanical analysis is required at all densities and conditions.Following Wigner and Huntington (1), predictions of the metallization pressure (P) have ranged as high as 20 megabars and currently, are in the range of 4-6 megabars. This has been somewhat guided by experiment: the highest static pressures achieved with diamond anvil cells have been ∼3.5 megabar, with hydrogen remaining an insulating molecular solid. Further predictions for metallic hydrogen are that it would be metastable (i.e., remain in the metallic state when pressure is released), may be a room temperature superconductor, and may even be a liquid at 0 K when compressed to the atomic metallic state. To test these predictions, a statically compressed sample at modest temperatures will be required.A second path to metallization of hydrogen is at high temperature and pressure in the liquid phase. This region is called hot-dense matter and is of particular interest to planetary scientists; these are the conditions found in the giant outer planets and exoplanets where the dense matter can exist as a plasma. A plasma is a fluid with ionized atoms or molecules. In a fluorescent lamp, a low-density, lowtemperature gas of atoms is ionized by an applied electric field. At high enough temperatures and pressures in a gas or liquid, a plasma can be formed because a certain portion of the particles are thermally ionized and the condensed matter system can electrically conduct. The article by Morales et al. (2) in PNAS predicts a first-order phase transition to a metallic phase of liquid atomic hydrogen at high pressure and temperature. This is the so-called plasma-phase transition (PPT). A possible phase diagram of hydrogen is shown in Fig. 1.Theoretical studies have various degrees of sophistication, and because predictions of properties of hydrogen have had a number of conflicting results, it is useful to classify these. Most modern studies of hydrogen use Monte Carlo or moleculardynamics simulations requiring substantial computing resources. Here, a large number of particles are allowed to collide or interact with each other until they achieve an equilibrium phase. The least demanding approach is to use effective pair potentials for each density, but these do not accurately handle...

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confidence: 99%

The insulator-metal transition in hydrogen

Silvera

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…B. Zel'dovich and L. D. Landau [46] and other theorists for strongly compressed Coulomb systems (see Refs. [47][48][49][50][51] and references therein). Such results traverse states in the intermediate region between the solid state and gas, occupied by a hot dense metallic liquid and strongly coupled plasma [7,8], which is a region poorly described by theory.…”

Section: Eos: Theory and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equations of State of Matter at High Energy Densities

Фортов¹,

Ломоносов²

2014

TOPPJ

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Abstract:The physical properties of hot dense matter over a broad domain of the phase diagram are of interest in astrophysics, planetary physics, power engineering, controlled thermonuclear fusion, impulse technologies, enginery, and other applications. The present report reviews the contribution of modern experimental methods and theories to the problem of the equation of state (EOS) at extreme conditions. Experimental techniques for high pressures and high energy density cumulation, the drivers of intense shock waves, and methods for the fast diagnostics of high-energy matter are considered. It is pointed out that the available high pressure and temperature information covers a broad range of the phase diagram, but only irregularly and, as a rule, is not thermodynamically complete; its generalization can be done only in the form of a thermodynamically complete EOS. As a practical example, construction of multi-phase EOS for tungsten is presented. The model's results are shown for numerous shock-wave data, the high-pressure melting and evaporation regions and the critical point of tungsten.

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“…Different studies based on path integral Monte-Carlo [1][2][3], molecular dynamic [4] and density functional theory [5] indicated the possibility of occurrence of plasma phase transition (PPT) and some experiments based on shock waves [6,7] revealed signatures of such transitions. PPT is explained as a possible result of competition between effective coulomb attraction and quantum repulsion [8][9][10]. It is also pointed out [11,12] that nonideality is a crucial factor for PPT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Field Corrections Effect on Equation of State in Dense Hydrogen Plasma: Plasma Phase Transition

Bennadji

2010

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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We present calculations of Hydrogen plasma pressure including local field correction (LFC) effects modelled in the Singwi Tosi Land and Sjölander model extended to arbitrary temperature (ATSTLS), neutrals contributions are not included. We show that LFC induces thermodynamic instabilities (phase transition) in the vicinity of the maximum electron coupling parameter which corresponds to maximum departure of the ATSTLS electron polarizability from the Random Phase Approximation one. Comparison of our results to Monte-Carlo calculations induced us to think that free electron coupling plays a dominant role in plasma phase transition. Critical temperature is estimated and compared to existing values.

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Thermodynamics of a dense plasma

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

The insulator-metal transition in hydrogen

The insulator-metal transition in hydrogen

Equations of State of Matter at High Energy Densities

Local Field Corrections Effect on Equation of State in Dense Hydrogen Plasma: Plasma Phase Transition

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