Thermodynamics and phase equilibria in the Al–Bi–Sb system

Activities of Al in the Al+Ga+Bi+Sb system in the temperature range (1173 to 1323) K

“…The deviation decreases with the Al content of the alloys and a similar trend is also observed for alloys of similar Al composition with the increase in the x Sb of the quaternary system. Comparing our earlier research on the activities of Al in the Al + Bi + Sb system [2], a similar effect has been noted with the increase in the Sb content of the system. The partial molar enthalpies of mixing of Al are calculated based on the e.m.f.…”

“…The detailed arrangement of the experimental cell have been described elsewhere [2], a brief outline of the experimental procedure is mentioned in this section. A schematic representation of the cell arrangement is shown in figure 1.…”

“…The binary and ternary parameters involved in equation (6) are used from the available literature data [2,[6][7][8][9][10] and are listed in table 5. Table 6 …”

“…Therefore, an accurate knowledge of their thermodynamic properties provides the determination of the phase equilibria which will be useful in processing of the semi-conducting materials. In pursuing our earlier research in the determination of thermodynamic properties of Al-based alloys such as the Al + Bi + Sb system [2], the effect of addition of Ga to the activities of Al is studied in the present investigation. No thermodynamic data on the quaternary system were found in the literature.…”

“…No thermodynamic data on the quaternary system were found in the literature. The activity of Al in the Al + Ga + Bi + Sb system is measured by mean of a concentration cell as used earlier with one of the constituent ternaries [2] as, W; AlðlÞ j NaCl þ KCl þ 3mol%AlCl j ðAl þ Bi þ Ga þ SbÞðlÞ; W:…”