Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chloride Transport in Neurons

Álvarez-Leefmans, Francisco J.; Delpire, Eric

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374373-2.00005-4

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In rats, expression of NBCe1 transcripts (318) and protein (260) is not detected in the brain until birth, whereupon NBCe1 levels increase gradually until an age of 4 wk (260). 34 Antibodies and most PCR probes used in these studies would not be able to differentiate NBCe1-A from NBCe1-D, or NBCe1-B from NBCe1-E, but NBCe1-D and NBCe1-E appear to only account for a minor fraction of total NBCe1 product and are not considered here in the discussion of reports of NBCe1-A and NBCe1-B. 35 NBCe1-A transcripts in mouse brain are nearly 50% as abundant as those encoding NBCe1-B/C (E. Roussa, personal communication).…”

Section: Iv) Other Nbce1 Variantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Divergence, Actions, Roles, and Relatives of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Transporters

Parker

Boron

2013

Physiological Reviews

246

262

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The mammalian Slc4 (Solute carrier 4) family of transporters is a functionally diverse group of 10 multi-spanning membrane proteins that includes three Cl-HCO3 exchangers (AE1-3), five Na(+)-coupled HCO3(-) transporters (NCBTs), and two other unusual members (AE4, BTR1). In this review, we mainly focus on the five mammalian NCBTs-NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NDCBE, and NBCn2. Each plays a specialized role in maintaining intracellular pH and, by contributing to the movement of HCO3(-) across epithelia, in maintaining whole-body pH and otherwise contributing to epithelial transport. Disruptions involving NCBT genes are linked to blindness, deafness, proximal renal tubular acidosis, mental retardation, and epilepsy. We also review AE1-3, AE4, and BTR1, addressing their relevance to the study of NCBTs. This review draws together recent advances in our understanding of the phylogenetic origins and physiological relevance of NCBTs and their progenitors. Underlying these advances is progress in such diverse disciplines as physiology, molecular biology, genetics, immunocytochemistry, proteomics, and structural biology. This review highlights the key similarities and differences between individual NCBTs and the genes that encode them and also clarifies the sometimes confusing NCBT nomenclature.

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Section: Iv) Other Nbce1 Variantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Finally, NBCn1 protein 69 An NCBT inhibitor of undemonstrated specificity. 70 One preliminary report found that rat renal NBCn1 transcript abundance was not increased by NH 4 Cl feeding, but that NBCn1 protein levels were increased (664 34. Role of NBCn1 in the renal medulla.…”

Section: Iii) Urinary System A) Increased Transcript and Protein Abumentioning

confidence: 98%

The Divergence, Actions, Roles, and Relatives of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Transporters

Parker

Boron

2013

Physiological Reviews

246

262

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“…The activation of the GABA A receptors depolarizes the terminal and yet reduces neurotransmitter release. It has been suggested that the depolarization reduces transmitter release by blocking the invasion of action potentials into the terminals by a mixture of Na + -channel inactivation and membrane shunting (reviewed in Alvarez-Leefmans & Delpire 2009). This mechanism may thus be responsible for the GABA-mediated presynaptic inhibition of primary afferent terminals in the spinal cord.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shift from excitatory to inhibitory at later stages is due to a shift in the chloride equilibrium potential to more negative values as a result of the expression of the K + /Cl − cotransporter KCC2 (Figure 2). This transporter produces active chloride extrusion, thus reducing intracellular Cl − concentrations (Alvarez-Leefmans 1990, Alvarez-Leefmans & Delpire 2009). As a result of this shift in the Cl − equilibrium potential, receptor activation produces hyperpolarization.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Inhibition within the Telencephalon: “Where the Wild Things Are”

Fishell

Rudy

2011

Annu. Rev. Neurosci.

219

232

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In this review, we first provide a historical perspective of inhibitory signaling from the discovery of inhibition through to our present understanding of the diversity and mechanisms by which GABAergic interneuron populations function in different parts of the telencephalon. This is followed by a summary of the mechanisms of inhibition in the CNS. With this as a starting point, we provide an overview describing the variations in the subtypes and origins of inhibitory interneurons within the pallial and subpallial divisions of the telencephalon, with a focus on the hippocampus, somatosensory, paleo/piriform cortex, striatum, and various amygdala nuclei. Strikingly, we observe that marked variations exist in the origin and numerical balance between GABAergic interneurons and the principal cell populations in distinct regions of the telencephalon. Finally we speculate regarding the attractiveness and challenges of establishing a unifying nomenclature to describe inhibitory neuron diversity throughout the telencephalon.

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“…8-10). Differences have been observed in the HCO 3 Ϫ permeability of GABA receptors (Farrant and Kaila, 2007;Alvarez-Leefmans and Delpire, 2009), and such a differential permeability to HCO 3 Ϫ presumably is conferred by GABA A receptors with different subunit composition. Future studies will be needed to identify the molecular determinants of HCO 3 Ϫ permeability in the GABA A receptors of PFs.…”

Section: Optogenetic Imaging Of Tonic Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optogenetic Visualization of Presynaptic Tonic Inhibition of Cerebellar Parallel Fibers

et al. 2016

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Tonic inhibition was imaged in cerebellar granule cells of transgenic mice expressing the optogenetic chloride indicator, Clomeleon. Blockade of GABA A receptors substantially reduced chloride concentration in granule cells due to block of tonic inhibition. This indicates that tonic inhibition is a significant contributor to the resting chloride concentration of these cells. Tonic inhibition was observed not only in granule cell bodies, but also in their axons, the parallel fibers (PFs). This presynaptic tonic inhibition could be observed in slices both at room and physiological temperatures, as well as in vivo, and has many of the same properties as tonic inhibition measured in granule cell bodies. GABA application revealed that PFs possess at least two types of GABA A receptor: one high-affinity receptor that is activated by ambient GABA and causes a chloride influx that mediates tonic inhibition, and a second with a low affinity for GABA that causes a chloride efflux that excites PFs. Presynaptic tonic inhibition regulates glutamate release from PFs because GABA A receptor blockade enhanced both the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs and the amplitude of evoked EPSCs at the PF-Purkinje cell synapse. We conclude that tonic inhibition of PFs could play an important role in regulating information flow though cerebellar synaptic circuits. Such cross talk between phasic and tonic signaling could be a general mechanism for fine tuning of synaptic circuits.

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Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Chloride Transport in Neurons

Cited by 5 publications

References 143 publications

The Divergence, Actions, Roles, and Relatives of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Transporters

The Divergence, Actions, Roles, and Relatives of Sodium-Coupled Bicarbonate Transporters

Mechanisms of Inhibition within the Telencephalon: “Where the Wild Things Are”

Optogenetic Visualization of Presynaptic Tonic Inhibition of Cerebellar Parallel Fibers

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