Thermodynamics and electrochemical behaviour of HgSClH2O systems

Brandon, Nigel P.; Francis, P. A.; Jeffrey, J.; Kelsall, G. H.; Yin, Qiyi

doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00445-9

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…PBM is a minor form (∼10% of total atmospheric Hg) of anthropogenic Hg, emitted directly to the atmosphere by industrial emissions. It is however often formed by adsorption or partition of gaseous Hg onto a particle surface (Sommar et al, 1997;Brandon et al, 2001) . In the present study, 3.36‰ variation in δ 202 Hg (−3.48 to -0.12‰) and 0.64‰ variation in D…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury isotopes of atmospheric particle bound mercury for source apportionment study in urban Kolkata, India

Das

Wang

Khezri

et al. 2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The particle bound mercury (PBM) in urban-industrial areas is mainly of anthropogenic origin, and is derived from two principal sources: Hg bound to particulate matter directly emitted by industries and power generation plants, and adsorption of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) on air particulates from gas or aqueous phases. Here, we measured the Hg isotope composition of PBM in PM 10 samples collected from three locations, a traffic junction, a waste incineration site and an industrial site in Kolkata, the largest metropolis in Eastern India. Sampling was carried out in winter and monsoon seasons between 2013-2015. The objective was to understand whether the isotope composition of the PBM represents source composition. The PBM collected from the waste burning site showed little mass independent fractionation (MIF) (D 199 Hg = + 0.12 to -0.11‰), similar to the signature in liquid Hg and Hg ores around the world with no seasonal variations. Samples from the industrial site showed mostly negative MDF and MIF (δ 202 Hg = -1.34 to -3.48 ‰ and D 199 Hg = + 0.01 to -0.31‰). The MDF is consistent with PBM generated by coal combustion however, the MIF is 0.15‰ more negative compared to the Hg isotope ratios in Indian coals. The traffic junction PBM is probably not produced in situ, but has travelled some distances from nearby industrial sources. The longer residence time of this PBM in the atmosphere has resulted in-aerosol aqueous photoreduction. Thus, the MIF displays a larger range (D 199 Hg = + 0.33 to -0.30‰) compared to the signature from the other sites and with more positive values in the humid monsoon season. Different Hg isotopic signature of PBM in the three different sampling locations within the same city indicates that both source and post emission atmospheric transformations play important roles in determining isotopic signature of PBM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury isotopes of atmospheric particle bound mercury for source apportionment study in urban Kolkata, India

Das

Wang

Khezri

et al. 2016

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…It is very tempting to conclude that the product of oxidation at A1 is HgCl 2À 4 . Brandon et al [26] used metacinnabar HgS electrode in NaCl solution and concluded that the most probable oxidation reaction is:…”

Section: Peaks A1/c1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Processes of Sulfide in NaCl Electrolyte Solutions on Mercury Electrode

Krznarić¹,

Ciglenečki-Jušić²

2005

Electroanalysis

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The electrochemical processes of sulfide in NaCl electrolyte solutions were studied using stripping cyclic voltammetry, differential capacity and chronoamperometric measurements. Some new effects were observed and are here discussed. At potentials around À 0.1 to À 0.3 V a pair of Faradaic adsorptive peaks, which can only be observed in the presence of chloride, is attributed to the formation of HgCl 2À 4 ion from the deposited layer of HgS. A second pair of peaks of purely capacitive character was observed at À 0.4 V. This is the result of the reorientation and partial desorption or transformation of HgS layers. The formation and dissolution of HgS layers on mercury has been well investigated previously. We observed some new effects after depositing approximately ten layers of HgS and attributed this to the formation of polysulfides at positive potentials.

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“…[18] For HgS, f red is situated at a potential as negative or more negative than the conduction band energy (that is, within the conduction band) for aqueous solutions with and without chloride ions, respectively. [19] Therefore, it can be assumed that photoinduced degradation will not decompose HgS directly to Hg + or Hg 0 . Moreover, HgS behaves as an n-type semiconductor.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A significant amount of the released Hg 2+ is most probably adsorbed at the HgS surface, a phenomenon that has already been demonstrated in previous research. [20,21] In the presence of Cl À , the photodegradation process is stimulated owing to the formation of more stable species such as the (1,4) coordination complex with Hg 2+ : [19] HgS þ 4 Cl…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, these complexes can be reduced, [19] leading to the formation of metallic mercury: The potential of reaction (3) is 0.48 V vs. NHE, [22] that is, situated in between the conduction and valence bands of HgS. This means that photoexcited electrons from the conduction band of HgS can be transferred towards adsorbed Hg 2+ in the form of HgCl 4 2À complexes, hereby reducing and forming adsorbed Hg 0 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Formation of Metallic Mercury During Photodegradation/Photodarkening of α‐HgS: Electrochemical Evidence

2013

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Das rote Pigment α‐HgS neigt in Gegenwart von Licht und Chloridionen zur Schwärzung. Als Grund für die Zersetzung und Entfärbung werden die Bildung von (schwarzem) β‐HgS oder Quecksilbermetall vermutet, doch diese Substanzen wurden noch nicht auf natürlich oder künstlich zersetzter HgS‐Farbe nachgewiesen. Elektrochemische Experimente belegen nun die Bildung von Quecksilbermetall in Gegenwart von Licht und Chloridionen.

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Thermodynamics and electrochemical behaviour of HgSClH2O systems

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Mercury isotopes of atmospheric particle bound mercury for source apportionment study in urban Kolkata, India

Mercury isotopes of atmospheric particle bound mercury for source apportionment study in urban Kolkata, India

Electrochemical Processes of Sulfide in NaCl Electrolyte Solutions on Mercury Electrode

Formation of Metallic Mercury During Photodegradation/Photodarkening of α‐HgS: Electrochemical Evidence

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