Thermodynamically induced particle transport: Order-by-induction and entropic trapping at the nano-scale

Patitsas, S. N.

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2015.05.072

Cited by 2 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…where the brackets 0 denote ensemble averaging over equilibrium states. This approach has worked well for cases where kinetic coefficients are constant and when they vary linearly with gate variables, i.e., 1st order TI [1,2]. However when the dependence is quadratic, the equilibrium averaging gives zero since b 0 = 0.…”

Section: Appendix Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium phase transitions and pattern formation as consequences of second-order thermodynamic induction

Patitsas

2019

Phys. Rev. E

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Development of thermodynamic induction up to second order gives a dynamical bifurcation for thermodynamic variables and allows for the prediction and detailed explanation of nonequilibrium phase transitions with associated spontaneous symmetry breaking. By taking into account nonequilibrium fluctuations, long range order is analyzed for possible pattern formation. Consolidation of results up to second order produces thermodynamic potentials that are maximized by stationary states of the system of interest. These new potentials differ from the traditional thermodynamic potentials. In particular a generalized entropy is formulated for the system of interest which becomes the traditional entropy when thermodynamic equilibrium is restored. This generalized entropy is maximized by stationary states under nonequilibrium conditions where the standard entropy for the system of interest is not maximized. These new nonequilibrium concepts are incorporated into traditional thermodynamics, such as a revised thermodynamic identity, and a revised canonical distribution. Detailed analysis shows that the second law of thermodynamics is never violated even during any pattern formation, thus solving the entropic coupling problem. Examples discussed include pattern formation during phase front propagation under nonequilibrium conditions and the formation of Turing patterns. The predictions of second order thermodynamic induction are consistent with both observational data in the literature as well as the modeling of this data.

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Section: Appendix Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium phase transitions and pattern formation as consequences of second-order thermodynamic induction

Patitsas

2019

Phys. Rev. E

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“…For general TI theory, one may refer to [6] for the case of n variables and for the continuum limit see Ref. [7]. For the theoretical development here, a discrete 2-variable approach will suffice for the most part, so this will be briefly developed here.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Induction Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As pointed out in Refs. [6,7] the effects of TI are imperceptible in many real systems. Thus, the analysis presented here focuses on finding conditions where the effects of TI are detectable.…”

Section: Thermoelectric Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where W is the applied electric potential difference [7,9]. Since the electrical current is I = e ẋDR then Eq.…”

Section: Thermoelectric Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact for certain far-from-equilibrium situations this energy scale exceeds all of the other energy scales, the direct Hamiltonian approach for describing the system dynamics is difficult to implement, and the dissipative dynamical approach based on entropy production provides the best approach for describing the induction effects that emerge in these systems. For example, entropy production principles are believed to play an important role in the way individual atoms are manipulated by the tip of a STM [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooling by Thermodynamic Induction

Patitsas

2016

J Low Temp Phys

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A method is described for cooling conductive channels to below ambient temperature. The thermodynamic induction principle dictates that the electrically biased channel will cool if the electrical conductance decreases with temperature. The extent of this cooling is calculated in detail for both case of ballistic and conventional transport with specific calculations for carbon nanotubes and conventional metals, followed by discussions for semiconductors, graphene, and metalinsulator transition systems. A theorem is established for ballistic transport stating that net cooling is not possible. For conventional transport net cooling is possible over a broad temperature range, with the range being size-dependent. A temperature clamping scheme for establishing a metastable nonequilibrium stationary state is detailed and followed with discussion of possible applications to on-chip thermoelectric cooling in integrated circuitry and quantum computer systems.

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Thermodynamically induced particle transport: Order-by-induction and entropic trapping at the nano-scale

Cited by 2 publications

References 70 publications

Nonequilibrium phase transitions and pattern formation as consequences of second-order thermodynamic induction

Nonequilibrium phase transitions and pattern formation as consequences of second-order thermodynamic induction

Cooling by Thermodynamic Induction

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