Thermodynamic, thermoeconomic and environmental performance analyses of a high bypass turbofan engine used on commercial aircrafts

Abstract

Exergetic, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental performance analyses of a commercial aircraft's high bypass turbofan engine are studied to predict thermodynamic efficiency of whole engine, exergy cost flow of product and waste exergy, and the environmental damage cost formation of engine emissions emitted to environment. According to this study, the GE90-115 high bypass turbofan engine produces 324.59 GJ/h-kinetic exergy rate while it burns 4.104 kg/s Jet-A fuel. The energy and exergy efficiency values of the engine are estimated to be 51.00% and 48.05%. The fuel cost rate is calculated to be 9632.

Residue Cost Formation of a High Bypass Turbofan Engine

“…Table A1 lists the thermodynamic cycle data of the engine under the operating conditions given in Table 5 in the sea level static condition and maximum power setting (i.e., takeoff condition). The economic data of the engine were taken from Balli [1]: a total capital investment cost for the engine of TCI = 16,000,000.00 USD, engine overhaul and maintenance cost of OMC = 800,000.00 USD, engine operation hours in a year of τ = 3000 h, interest rate of i = 10%, engine lifetime of N = 30 years, and engine salvage ratio of SV = 15%. Based on these data, the following economic parameters were estimated: the present value factor PVF = (1 + i) −n = 0.05731, present worth PW = TCI − SV ⋅ PVF = 15,862,459.0 USD, capital recovery factor CRF = i(1 + i) n [(1 + i) n − 1] = 0.1061, annual capital cost ACC = PW ⋅ CRF = 682,678.0 USD/year, hourly levelized total capital investment cost rateŻ TCI = ACC τ = 560.893 USD, hourly levelized operating and maintenance cost rate of the systemŻ OMC = OMC τ = 266.667 USD/h, and total hourly levelized total cost rate of the enginė Z TOT =Ż TCI +Ż OMC = 827.559 USD/h.…”

“…The aviation sector contributes significantly to economic growth and an increasingly globalized society [1], but at a cost of 2-3% of total fossil fuel consumption and 2% of total greenhouse gas emissions worldwide [2]. In this sector, major priorities are not only to operate with the maximum cost effectiveness, but also to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants.…”

“…In this sector, major priorities are not only to operate with the maximum cost effectiveness, but also to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants. Several studies have been conducted in which energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic analyses were applied to aviation propulsion systems as important tools for understanding and optimizing their operation to identify operational, economic, and environmental improvement opportunities [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8]. In these studies, the most frequently used method was specific exergy costing, which is based on algebraic cost balance equations obtained from conventional economic analyses and complemented with auxiliary equations [9].…”

An Irreversibility-Based Criterion to Determine the Cost Formation of Residues in a Three-Pressure-Level Combined Cycle

“…In fact, even if two or more products can be identified in the same unit, their formation processes are inseparable at the level of aggregation considered, and therefore, a cost proportional to their exergy is assigned to them. Cost balance equations for the complete combined cycle The cost balance equation for the entire power plant [ 25 ] is given by where and are respectively the exergetic costs of the external resources and the useful product of the combined cycle. …”

“…The cost balance equation for the entire power plant [ 25 ] is given by where and are respectively the exergetic costs of the external resources and the useful product of the combined cycle.…”