Thermodynamic Simulation of Silicothermic Reduction of Chromium

Salina, V. A.; Жучков, В. И.; Zayakin, O. V.

doi:10.3103/s0967091220020084

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The lower value for ferrosilicon reduction is due to larger amount of iron and silicon ending up in the metal phase. Salina et al [19] have studied computationally the effect of ferrosilicon composition on the chromium reduction and noticed that metal with higher chromium contents can be obtained when using ferrosilicon with higher silicon contents. According to their results, the chromium content of the metal can also be increased with decreasing temperature (in the range of 1500-1700 • C) and increasing slag basicity (in the CaO/SiO 2 -range of 1-3) [19].…”

Section: Chromium Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salina et al [19] have studied computationally the effect of ferrosilicon composition on the chromium reduction and noticed that metal with higher chromium contents can be obtained when using ferrosilicon with higher silicon contents. According to their results, the chromium content of the metal can also be increased with decreasing temperature (in the range of 1500-1700 • C) and increasing slag basicity (in the CaO/SiO 2 -range of 1-3) [19]. In their other study on carbothermic reduction of chromium, Salina et al [20] concluded that the reduction of chromium can be improved with increasing Fig.…”

Section: Chromium Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum chromium contents in the metal phase computed in this study were between 54% (for a ferrosilicon reduction) and 63% (for carbon and methane reductions). For silicothermic reduction at the same temperature (1600 • C) Salina et al [19] computed a chromium content of 54.02% in the metal when using slags with the CaO/SiO 2 -ratio of 1. Although their system compositions slightly differ from ours, the values obtained in the computations are well within the same range of magnitude.…”

Section: Chromium Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A computational study on the mixing and reduction of slags from ferrochrome and stainless steel production

Heikkinen

Heikkilä

Vallo

et al. 2021

Calphad

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Section: Chromium Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromium Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromium Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A computational study on the mixing and reduction of slags from ferrochrome and stainless steel production

Heikkinen

Heikkilä

Vallo

et al. 2021

Calphad

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“…In essence, the objective is to utilize the fractured Si wafers obtained from crushed wafer scrap to generate an iron–silicon alloy, such as ferrosilicon, that can be used in industrial steel production . In order to establish an efficient recycling process, we have chosen to use the well-known method of silicothermic reduction for iron oxide, , adapted to incorporate waste silicon and waste iron oxide. From an environmental standpoint, this approach represents a significant improvement over the current ferrosilicon production methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferrosilicon Production from Silicon Wafer Breakage and Red Mud

Blaesing,

Walnsch,

Hippmann

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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The increasing importance of recycling end-of-life photovoltaic modules is demonstrated by the rising quantity of discarded crystalline silicon solar cells that contain valuable metals. Despite advanced recycling methods, the surplus of broken Si wafers poses challenges for reintegration into new module manufacturing. The present study introduces a novel recycling process that addresses this issue and promotes sustainable waste processing, focusing on the untapped resources of Si wafer breakage and environmentally harmful red mud. The proposed method uses these two critical waste materials to enable a silicothermal reduction, yielding ferrosilicon-based alloys.To comprehensively analyze the influence of the iron oxide source on alloy composition, a readily available iron oxide pigment (Bayferrox 110) is implemented as a reference material. Fe−Si-based alloys containing 15 to 65 wt % Si are produced by the silicothermal reduction with soda ash as a flux, at a temperature of 1600 °C. The use of Bayferrox as an iron oxide source facilitates the production of Fe−Si alloys that are free from additional impurities. Moreover, the use of red mud as the source of iron oxide leads to the production of Fe−Si−Ti alloys, containing up to 8.6 wt % of Ti. The inclusion of Ti in the ferrosilicon-based alloy elevates the market value of the resulting products, emphasizing the commercial viability of the suggested recycling process. By simultaneously utilizing two critical waste materials, namely, red mud and Si wafer breakage, this novel recycling strategy demonstrates significant potential, especially in view of a circular and holistic waste management.

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“…The simulation results showed that increasing the slag basicity and increasing the dosage of ferro-silico-nickel can increase the reduction of Cr. In addition, Salina et al [18,19] performed thermodynamic simulations of the silicothermic reduction processes of Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni in multicomponent CaO-SiO 2 -Cr 2 O 3 -FeO-MgO-MnO-Al 2 O 3 and CaO-SiO 2 -MgO-Al 2 O 3 -FeO-NiO-P 2 O 5 multicomponent oxide systems. The thermodynamic possibilities for the reduction of Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni in oxide systems were demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct Alloying of Steel through Silicothermic Self-Reduction of Chromite Ore Utilizing Si-Containing Solid Waste

Chen,

Xue,

Song

2024

Metals

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Organosilicon materials generate copious amounts of Si-containing solid waste during production, leading to severe environmental pollution and substantial resource squandering. In pursuit of the resource utilization of Si-containing solid waste, this study conducted experimental research on the direct alloying of molten steel through the silicothermic self-reduction of chromite ore using Si-containing solid waste as a reducing agent. Additionally, thermodynamic analysis was performed, employing the thermodynamic calculation software FactSage 8.2 (Thermfact Ltd., Montreal, QC, Canada and GTT-Technologies, Aachen, Germany), to examine the equilibrium reactions of the silicothermic reduction of chromite ore and the variations in the thermodynamic equilibrium compositions of slag and metal phases. The results indicate a reduction sequence for the reducible components in chromite ore as Fe2O3 → Cr2O3. The introduction of CaO and Al2O3 into the silicothermic self-reduction compacts altered the forms of Fe and Cr oxides in equilibrium, significantly reducing the standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG0) of the silicothermic reduction reaction. The initial slag melting point decreased from 1700 °C without the addition of CaO and Al2O3 to 1500 °C with the addition of CaO and Al2O3. Correspondingly, the slag viscosity at 1600 °C decreased from 134.1 Pa·s without CaO and Al2O3 addition to 1.81 Pa·s with CaO and Al2O3 addition. The addition of CaO and Al2O3 accelerated the reduction of Cr oxide in chromite ore and enhanced the recovery of Cr, consistent with the thermodynamic calculation results. In the process of steelmaking through the direct alloying of chromite ore silicothermic self-reduction compacts, the final recovery rate of Cr increased from 86.4% without CaO and Al2O3 addition to 95.4% with CaO and Al2O3 addition.

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Thermodynamic Simulation of Silicothermic Reduction of Chromium

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

A computational study on the mixing and reduction of slags from ferrochrome and stainless steel production

A computational study on the mixing and reduction of slags from ferrochrome and stainless steel production

Ferrosilicon Production from Silicon Wafer Breakage and Red Mud

The Direct Alloying of Steel through Silicothermic Self-Reduction of Chromite Ore Utilizing Si-Containing Solid Waste

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