Thermodynamic reassessment of the Au–Bi system

Servant, C.; Zoro, E.; Légendre, B.

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2006.07.002

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite the fact that the binary system Au-Bi is well studied [14,16,19] and it shown in the publications [16,19] that the solid solution on basis of the compound Au 2 Bi does not exist in the ternary system at temperatures below 110°C, the analysis of isopleths, carried out with the aid of two versions of the Au-Ag-Bi T-x-y diagram 3D computer model, constructed according to the data [12,17], showed that the decomposition this solid solution was not considered in [12] and [17]. Therefore the low-temperature part of these sections must be corrected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ag-Au-Bi: Despite the fact that the information, placed into the atlas, was thoroughly checked (according to its authors), the description of the Ag-Au-Bi system is contradictory: in the binary system Au-Bi, cited according to the data [14][15][16][17][18][19], the compound Au 2 Bi decomposes at the temperature 110°C, whereas the solid solution on its basis in the ternary system isopleths exists also at 0°C (Figures 4c and 4d). To understand these contradictions, it is necessary to discuss the papers [14][15][16][17][18], the information from which in the form of an isothermal section and four isopleths were included into the atlas.…”

Section: D Models Of T-x-y Diagrams: Approaches the Principles Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand these contradictions, it is necessary to discuss the papers [14][15][16][17][18], the information from which in the form of an isothermal section and four isopleths were included into the atlas. The Ag-AuBi=A-B-C T-x-y diagram has a simple geometric construction.…”

Section: D Models Of T-x-y Diagrams: Approaches the Principles Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compound Au 2 Bi exists up to 50°C according to the 2005 year paper [14] (Figure 5a). This compound decomposes at 110°C (Figure 5b) according to the 2006 year work [16], and these data, as the most reliable, were chosen for the atlas [12]. However, the solid solution based on Au 2 Bi occurs in isopleths of below by temperatures from 450K [17] and to 0°C [12], in the phase regions with the lowest temperatures.…”

Section: D Models Of T-x-y Diagrams: Approaches the Principles Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verification of Phase Diagrams by Three-Dimension Computer Models

Lutsyk¹,

Vorobeva²

2017

Mod Chem Appl

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Present paper is the survey of the works, dedicated to the elimination of contradictions in the publications, which describe the calculated and/or experimental results of investigations of the three-component systems phase diagrams. Special approach to the construction of phase diagrams in the form of their assembling from the surfaces and the phase regions into the three-dimensional (3D) computer model as the effective tool of the detection of the incorrect interpretation of the obtained experiment or of errors in the thermodynamic calculations of the phase diagrams fragments, caused by a deficiency in the initial information, is proposed. 3D computer models of Au-Ge-Sn, Au-Ge-Sb, Ag-Au-Bi, Ag-Sb-Sn, Au-Bi-Sb T-x-y diagram are considered.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Models Of T-x-y Diagrams: Approaches the Principles Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Models Of T-x-y Diagrams: Approaches the Principles Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Models Of T-x-y Diagrams: Approaches the Principles Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Verification of Phase Diagrams by Three-Dimension Computer Models

Lutsyk¹,

Vorobeva²

2017

Mod Chem Appl

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“…4(a) and 4(b), helps us to understand the interfacial reaction at the interface of the Au-Sn solder and the Sn-Bi solder. The thermodynamically assessed parameters in the binary systems of Sn-Au, 14) Au-Bi 15) and Bi-Sn Synthesis of the Combination Solder of 80Au-20Sn/42Sn-58Bi and Thermodynamic Interpretation of the Microstructural Evolutionwere used to calculate the isothermal phase diagrams of SnAu-Bi. The ternary interaction parameters were not used due to lack of reliable data.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of the Combination Solder of 80Au-20Sn/42Sn-58Bi and Thermodynamic Interpretation of the Microstructural Evolution

2008

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A Pb-free combination solder structure was successfully attained from a high-melting 80Au-20Sn solder alloy completely wrapped in a low-melting 42Sn-58Bi solder paste (the numbers of which are all in mass% unless specified). The phases of (Au,Ni) 3 Sn 4 and AuSn 4 were observed at the interface between Sn-Bi solder and Cu/Ni/Au UBM, whereas the (Au,Ni) 3 Sn 2 phase was observed at the interface between AuSn solder and Cu/Ni/Au UBM. The interfacial reaction between the Au-Sn solder and the Sn-Bi solder resulted in the formation of AuSn 2 on the side of the Sn-Bi solder and AuSn on the side of the Au-Sn solder. All of these interfacial reactions were explained with relevant equilibrium phase diagrams. Moreover, we found that there is a limit in the optimum solder volume for a well-defined combination solder structure that can be applied to organic substrates with an increased remelting temperature.

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Relationships Between Phase Transformations, Microstructure and Properties in Ti and Pb‐Free Alloys

Servant

2010

Adv Eng Mater

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The goal of the study of the relationships between phase transformations, microstructure and properties is to obtain specific microstructures, depending on the thermomechanical and heat treatments that will improve the mechanical properties of an alloy for its future use. These useful properties generally derive from the non-equilibrium state of the alloys. Knowledge of the phase diagrams calculated at or out of equilibrium is necessary to perform thermomechanical and then heat treatments in the temperature ranges where the phase domains exist. Phase transformationsAt T ¼ cst, an alloy is composed of phases, which are homogeneous parts having identical chemical composition, crystal structure, microstructure and properties, but different from the other parts. An example is given in Figure 1. When a heat treatment is performed, the alloy transforms to one or a mixture of new phases because its initial thermodynamic state is less stable compared than the final one. For transformations occurring at constant pressure and temperature, the relative stability of a closed system (fixed mass and chemical composition) is given by its Gibbs free energy G ¼ H À TS, which achieves a minimum such as dG (T,P) ¼ 0. When the cooling rate of the thermal treatment is fast (such as a quenching from the homogenisation temperature situated in the single phase domain), the thermodynamic state of the system is metastable; however, when the cooling is very slow and follows the equilibrium conditions, the state of the system is stable.Three types of phase transformations are reported: The diffusion transformations (civilian transformations), during which the crystal is completely rebuilt during the diffusion process either by substitutional (atoms, vacancies diffusion) or interstitial mechanisms. They produce stable phases; for example: the eutectic transformation, the disorder-order transition. The diffusionless transformations (military transformations), where a shear of the parent phase occurs. They produce metastable phases; for example, the martensitic transformations and the omega-phase formation. The mixed transformations, such as the bainitic transformation in steels (nucleation by shear transformation of the austenite then growth by diffusion process). Some uncertainties remain about the mechanism of these transformations.Determination of the phase transformations requires an interactive approach using both experiments and thermodynamic modeling simulations, especially when the number of elements is greater than three or four, in order to avoid a long time of experiments. Computer simulation of the phase diagram of a system by the CALPHAD (CALculation of Phase Diagrams) [2] method requires: COMMUNICATION Fig. 1. Bright-field electron micrograph showing the a' martensite (TiÀ25AlÀ2Mo (mol-%), hexagonal DO19, brittle) and b (TiÀ22AlÀ6Mo (mol-%), bcc A2, ductile) phases in the TiÀ23.8AlÀ3.5Mo (mol-%) alloy homogenised in the b field then quenched with liquid nitrogen.The mechanical or use properties of alloys are determined by their ...

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Thermodynamic reassessment of the Au–Bi system

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Verification of Phase Diagrams by Three-Dimension Computer Models

Verification of Phase Diagrams by Three-Dimension Computer Models

Synthesis of the Combination Solder of 80Au-20Sn/42Sn-58Bi and Thermodynamic Interpretation of the Microstructural Evolution

Relationships Between Phase Transformations, Microstructure and Properties in Ti and Pb‐Free Alloys

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