Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Liquid Mixtures Containing o-Chlorotoluene: Excess Molar Volumes and Excess Isentropic Compressibilities

Abstract

Densities and speeds of sound of ternary o-chlorotoluene (1) + tetrahydropyran (2) + benzene or toluene or o-xylene (3) mixtures and their subbinaries o-chlorotoluene (1) + toluene or o-xylene (2) at (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K have been measured, and of tetrahydropyran (1) + benzene or toluene or o-xylene (2) mixtures at (298.15 and 303.15) K and 0.1 MPa. Excess molar volumes, V 123 E and V E , and excess isentropic compressibilities, (κ S E ) 123 and κ S E , have been computed from experimental data. The V 123 E for o-chlorotoluene (1) + tetrahydropyran (2) + o-xylene (3) and (κ S E ) 123 for o-chlorotoluene (1) + tetrahydropyran (2) + benzene or toluene or o-xylene (3) are negative over the entire mole fraction of 1 and 2. However, the sign and magnitude of V 123 E for ochlorotoluene (1) + tetrahydropyran (2) + benzene or toluene (3) mixtures are dictated by the relative proportion of the constituents. The excess functions have been analyzed in terms of Graph theory, Prigogine−Flory−Patterson theory, and Sanchez and Lacombe's theories.

Measurement and Correlation of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data of the Toluene, o-Chlorotoluene, and p-Chlorotoluene System at 101.3 kPa

“…Due to the strong chlorination of liquid chlorine, a part of toluene will be chlorinated to produce o -chlorotoluene and p -chlorotoluene . Both o -chlorotoluene and p -chlorotoluene are also suitable organic solvents for the process . Therefore, toluene, o -chlorotoluene, and p -chlorotoluene are rectified and recovered as solvents in the original process.…”

“…5 Both o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoluene are also suitable organic solvents for the process. 6 Therefore, toluene, ochlorotoluene, and p-chlorotoluene are rectified and recovered as solvents in the original process. However, with the accumulation of water in the saccharin process, the solvent will form an emulsion with the water, making rectification and separation difficult.…”

“…III. The value of the equilibrium thermometer (6) varied during this stage. The heating value was increased or decreased to ensure that the drop rate of the gas phase after condensation was stable at about one drop per second.…”

“…IV. The system reached equilibrium when the value of the equilibration thermometer (6) no longer changed after 30 min. After the device was cooled down, samples were taken from outlets (3) and (18) and analyzed by GC.…”