Thermodynamic properties of liquid Al-Mg alloys measured by the Emf method

Tiwari, Basant L.

doi:10.1007/bf02646148

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Belton and Rao [13] and Tiwari [21] obtained the enthalpy of mixing of Mg-Al liquid from emf measurements at 1073 K, while Bhatt and Garg [12] and Juneja et al [14] derived the enthalpy of mixing from partial pressure measurements at 1073 K. Agarwal and Sommer [10] measured enthalpy of mixing of Mg-Al liquid using three different calorimetric methods at 943 K, 947 K, 948 K, and 973 K. In 1998, Moser et al [11] measured the enthalpy of mixing at 1023 K using drop calorimetry. The thermodynamic activities of liquid alloys at 1073 K were determined by [12,13,[18][19][20][21]103] using emf measurements. The reported results are scattered but show small negative deviation from ideal solution.…”

Section: Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Magnesium Alloys Binary Phase Diagrams and Their Thermochemical Data

Mezbahul-Islam

Mostafa

Medraj

2014

Journal of Materials

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Magnesium-based alloys are becoming a major industrial material for structural applications because of their potential weight saving characteristics. All the commercial Mg alloys like AZ, AM, AE, EZ, ZK, and so forth series are multicomponent and hence it is important to understand the phase relations of the alloying elements with Mg. In this work, eleven essential Mg-based binary systems including Mg-Al/Zn/Mn/Ca/Sr/Y/Ni/Ce/Nd/Cu/Sn have been reviewed. Each of these systems has been discussed critically on the aspects of phase diagram and thermodynamic properties. All the available experimental data has been summarized and critically assessed to provide detailed understanding of the systems. The phase diagrams are calculated based on the most up-todate optimized parameters. The thermodynamic model parameters for all the systems except Mg-Nd have been summarized in tables. The crystallographic information of the intermetallic compounds of different binary systems is provided. Also, the heat of formation of the intermetallic compounds obtained from experimental, first principle calculations and CALPHAD optimizations are provided. In addition, reoptimization of the Mg-Y system has been done in this work since new experimental data showed wider solubility of the intermetallic compounds.

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Section: Znmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Magnesium Alloys Binary Phase Diagrams and Their Thermochemical Data

Mezbahul-Islam

Mostafa

Medraj

2014

Journal of Materials

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“…The thermodynamic properties of this system have been investigated mainly by using vapour pressure and fused salt EMF techniques, but these results are not in good agreement with each other. Besides, there are very few data for low Mg concentration alloys in the literature, which are commonly used in industry [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So it was decided to use the EMF method to determine the thermodynamic properties of the Al-Mg binary system. Tiwari [1] used an Mg concentration electrochemical cell with a molten electrolyte to determine Mg activity in Al-Mg binary alloys. He determined the thermodynamic properties of this system over the entire concentration range by using the special design of the sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Al-Mg Binary System Between 973-1073 K by the EMF Method

Aghdam¹,

Soltanieh²

2010

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

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The thermodynamic properties of an Al-Mg binary system with 0.07 to 12.10 at% Mg were determined at temperatures between 973-1073 K. The following Mg concentration cell was used: Mg (pure), MgCl 2 -CaCl 2 (eutectic), Al-Mg (melt). In this system, Mg shows negative deviation from Raoult's law. Alloys between 0 to 6 at% Mg obey Henry's law. The Henrian coefficient of Mg was 0.47, 0.52 and 0.53 at 973, 1023 and 1073 K, respectively. The EMF values were used for calculating the partial and integral Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, entropies, excess Gibbs free energies and Wagner's first order interaction coefficient. Résumé-On a déterminé les propriétés thermodynamiques d'un système binaire d'Al-Mg ayant de 0.07 à 12.10% at. de Mg, à des températures entre 973 et 1073 K. On a utilisé la cellule de concentration de Mg suivante: Mg (pur) | MgCl 2 -CaCl 2 (eutectique) | Al-Mg (bain). Dans ce système, le Mg montre une déviation négative de la loi de Raoult. Les alliages entre 0 et 6% at. de Mg obéissent à la loi de Henry. Le coefficient de Henry du Mg était de 0.47, 0.52 et 0.53 à 973, 1023 et 1073 K, respectivement. On a utilisé les valeurs EMF pour calculer les énergies libres de Gibbs, partielles et intégrales, les enthalpies, les entropies, les énergies libres de Gibbs en excès et le coefficient d'interaction du premier ordre de Wagner.

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“…This has led to solid electrolyte-based sensors, which have a simple design, being used to monitor magnesium levels in molten aluminum [133,444]. Figure 13.33 shows the output of one such sensor to be in excellent agreement with the outputs of molten chloride-based sensors [133,[448][449][450].…”

Section: Log Current (A)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Molten chloride [449] Molten chloride [450] Molten chloride [451] Solid fluoride [133] 800°C Figure 13.33 Outputs of Mg sensors for molten aluminum, based on solid fluoride [133] and molten chloride [448][449][450] electrolytes.…”

Section: E (Mv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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Thermodynamic properties of liquid Al-Mg alloys measured by the Emf method

Cited by 44 publications

References 2 publications

Essential Magnesium Alloys Binary Phase Diagrams and Their Thermochemical Data

Essential Magnesium Alloys Binary Phase Diagrams and Their Thermochemical Data

Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Al-Mg Binary System Between 973-1073 K by the EMF Method

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

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