Thermodynamic properties of hydrofluoroolefin (R1234yf and R1234ze(E)) refrigerant mixtures: Density, vapour-liquid equilibrium, and heat capacity data and modelling

Ghafri, Saif Z.S. Al; Rowland, Darren; Akhfash, Masoumeh; Arami-Niya, Arash; Khamphasith, Martin; Xiao, Xiong; Tsuji, T.; Tanaka, Yukio; Seiki, Yoshio; May, Eric F.; Hughes, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.10.027

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The efforts are concentrated on identifying efficient new eco-friendly refrigerants. In HR, CR as well as AAC systems, HCs (natural refrigerants) and HFOs (synthetic refrigerants) are recommended as present and future viable solutions [21,22]. Industrial refrigerants should be either replaced or restricted to used only in applications where their replacement is economically or technically impossible.…”

Section: Ozone Depletion Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drop-in and retrofit refrigerants as replacement possibilities of R134a in domestic/commercial refrigeration and automobile air conditioner applications

Hmood

Apostol

Pop

et al. 2021

Journal of Thermal Engineering

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According to the EU F-gas Regulation, the phase-out of the high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants (with higher than 150 GWP value) had been established. The most currently existing household and commercial refrigerators and automobile air conditioners applications based on single-stage vapour compression systems operate with R134a as working fluid. The present paper aims, to review and evaluate the performance of a set of eco-friendly alternatives refrigerants to replace R134a, without change or with minor modifications in refrigeration equipment. The theoretical and experimental studies performed in this field of research were reviewed for this objective. These alternative refrigerants are some of HFCs, HFOs and HCs and their mixtures, which are expected to be an excellent candidates in many refrigeration applications. There are Many replacement possibilities had been proposed viz. drop-in replacement, retrofit refrigerant, and new systems. The results exhibited that the most suitable refrigerants as R134a drop-in substitutes are R1234yf, R152a, R450A, and R513A. The pure R1234ze and its mixtures are not suitable drop-in replacements of R134a but can be a good alternative to R134a only in new refrigeration systems. In terms of hydrocarbon refrigerants R290, R600, and R600a could replace R134a with some modifications to existing refrigeration systems to overcome the flammability issue. We should be using certain HFC and HC mixtures with the lowest TEWI index.

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Section: Ozone Depletion Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drop-in and retrofit refrigerants as replacement possibilities of R134a in domestic/commercial refrigeration and automobile air conditioner applications

Hmood

Apostol

Pop

et al. 2021

Journal of Thermal Engineering

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“…(4), H is the enthalpy, T is the temperature, and t is the time. A complete description of this technique is available in the paper of Al Ghafri et al [26]. Figure 11 presents a short description of the technique.…”

Section: Heat Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential scanning calorimeter used for measurements of the isobaric heat capacities of liquid refrigerant mixtures from Al Ghafri et al[26].11…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Determination of Thermophysical Properties of Working Fluids for ORC Applications

Coquelet¹,

Valtz²,

Théveneau³

2020

Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery - Analysis and Applications

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The design and optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) require knowledge concerning the thermophysical properties of the working fluids: pure components or mixtures. These properties are generally calculated by thermodynamic and transport property models (thermodynamic or equation of state or correlations). The parameters of these models are adjusted on accurate experimental data. The main experimental data of interest concern phase equilibrium properties (noncritical and critical data), volumetric properties (density and speed of sound), energetic properties (enthalpy, heat capacity), and transport properties (dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity). In this chapter, some experimental techniques frequently used to obtain the experimental data are presented. Also, we will present some models frequently used to correlate the data and some results (comparison between experimental data and model predictions).

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“…The EoS, expressed in terms of Helmholtz energy, has been extensively used as a reference equation to calculate the thermodynamic properties for multiple refrigerant mixtures [28]. The equations could be used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the mixture in various compositions.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Hybrid Deep Neural Network Model to Predict the Refrigerant Charge Amount of Heat Pumps

et al. 2020

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Improper refrigerant charge amount (RCA) is a recurring fault in electric heat pump (EHP) systems. Because EHP systems show their best performance at optimum charge, predicting the RCA is important. There has been considerable development of data-driven techniques for predicting RCA; however, the current data-driven approaches for estimating RCA suffer from poor generalization and overfitting. This study presents a hybrid deep neural network (DNN) model that combines both a basic DNN model and a thermodynamic model to counter the abovementioned challenges of existing data-driven approaches. The data for designing models were collected from two EHP systems with different specifications, which were used for the training and testing of models. In addition to the data obtained using the basic DNN model, the hybrid DNN model uses the thermodynamic properties as a thermodynamic model. The testing results show that the hybrid DNN model has a prediction performance of 93%, which is 21% higher than that of the basic DNN model. Furthermore, for model training and model testing, the hybrid DNN model has a 6% prediction performance difference, indicating its reliable generalization capabilities. To summarize, the hybrid DNN model improves data-driven approaches and can be used for designing efficient and energy-saving EHP systems.Sustainability 2020, 12, 2914 2 of 23 and decreased the capacity by~20%; moreover, improper RCA can further reduce the efficiency of on-site ACs by 10-20% [9].In a field study, the refrigerant was improperly charged for~50% of the on-site heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems [8,10]. Furthermore, more than half of the residential cooling systems showed improper RCA problems [8]. For the long-term operation of systems, mechanical wear or improper maintenance could lead to refrigerant leakage or overcharge, which, in turn, resulted in reduced system operation efficacy and increased energy consumption [11]. Moreover, improper RCA can result in decreased system performance, increased energy consumption, and reduced life span of the system [12]. In the long run, from an economic point of view, improper RCA can lead to an increase in the operational cost of a building system; thus, if the RCA of a running system in a building can be effectively estimated, it can be positively used to solve the abovementioned problems.The topic of RCA detection is not widely discussed in the literature and only a few studies have been conducted for detecting RCA [13][14][15][16][17]. For example, a polynomial expression-based RCA detection algorithm was developed using only subcooling. The results showed relatively good predictions within a relative deviation of 8.0% [13]; however, although approaches based on mathematical expression models allow accurate predictions of RCA, they are often designed for individual systems, thus making their applications on other on-site EHP systems difficult [2,14]. Moreover, they may require several sensors to implement, thus leading to increase in cost. Other studies r...

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Thermodynamic properties of hydrofluoroolefin (R1234yf and R1234ze(E)) refrigerant mixtures: Density, vapour-liquid equilibrium, and heat capacity data and modelling

Cited by 62 publications

References 48 publications

Drop-in and retrofit refrigerants as replacement possibilities of R134a in domestic/commercial refrigeration and automobile air conditioner applications

Drop-in and retrofit refrigerants as replacement possibilities of R134a in domestic/commercial refrigeration and automobile air conditioner applications

Experimental Determination of Thermophysical Properties of Working Fluids for ORC Applications

A Novel Hybrid Deep Neural Network Model to Predict the Refrigerant Charge Amount of Heat Pumps

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