Thermodynamic properties of holmium bismuthide

Abstract

presumably exists at temperatures below 541 K [1]. However, the paper [2] doubts whether it exists and proposes the refined phase diagram of this system ( Fig. 1), which is mainly based on the data reported in [1]. Holmium bismuthide HoBi melts congruently at 2048 ± 15 K and crystallizes in NaCl cubic syngony with lattice parameter a = 0.6226 nm [1]. The solid-state miscibility of holmium and bismuth is no more than 1 at.%.The thermodynamic properties of HoBi were examined with electromotive force (emf) measurement [3], calorimetry, and tensiometry [4]. The electromotive force of a galvanic cell was measured in [3] using an alloy of holmium with tin from the heterophase region (HoSn 2 + (Sn) L ) as a reference electrode between 660 and 1060 K.

Thermodynamic and thermochemical characteristics of holmium silicides

“…To weaken the interaction of holmium with the salt melt at elevated temperatures, we used a Ho-Bi alloy from the heterogeneity range [HoBi + (Bi)] as a reference electrode, whose thermodynamic properties we examined previously [22] in the range 673-873 K using emf measurement of the galvanic cell…”

Electrochemical Extraction of Holmium and Thermodynamic Properties of Ho-Bi Alloys in LiCl-KCl Eutectic

“…It is found that the values of activity of Ho in Ho-Bi alloys are in the order of 10 −13 to 10 −9 . Yamshchikov et al 43 and Antonchenko et al 44 determined the thermodynamic properties of HoBi intermetallics by emf measurements. It can be seen from Table II that our results are very close to the ones obtained by Yamshchikov et al 43 However, they are slightly larger than the values obtained by Antonchenko et al 44 The standard Gibbs free energies of formation for Ho-Bi intermetallics, HoBi and Ho 5 Bi 3 , are calculated by the equations presented in Table III.…”