Thermodynamic modelling of LiF–LnF3 and LiF–AnF3 phase diagrams

Meer, J.P.M. van der; Konings, R.J.M.; Jacobs, M.H.G.; Oonk, H. A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.07.035

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In all the experiments in this work, the stoichiometry of neodymium oxide and the fluorinating agent was calculated based on theoretical values of reactions 1-4, assuming that if complete conversion of neodymium oxide occurs, then LiFNdF 3 forms the eutectic composition. The eutectic composition of LiF-NdF 3 system was experimentally determined to be 0.23 mol fraction of NdF 3 [19] and was calculated to be about 0.25 mol fraction of NdF 3 by van der Meer et al [22]. The LiF-NdF 3 phase diagram determined by the same researchers using the experimental data is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochemical Extraction of Rare Earth Metals in Molten Fluorides: Conversion of Rare Earth Oxides into Rare Earth Fluorides Using Fluoride Additives

Abbasalizadeh

Malfliet

Seetharaman

et al. 2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

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In the present research on rare earth extraction from rare earth oxides (REOs), conversion of rare earth oxides into rare earth fluorides with fluoride fluxes is investigated in order to overcome the problem of low solubility of the rare earth oxides in molten fluoride salts as well as the formation of oxyfluorides in the fluorination process. Based on thermodynamic calculations, a series of experiments were performed for converting the rare earth oxides into rare earth fluorides using AlF 3 , ZnF 2 , FeF 3 , and Na 3 AlF 6 as fluorinating agents in a LiF-Nd 2 O 3 system. The formation of neodymium fluoride as a result of the reactions between these fluxes and neodymium oxide is confirmed. The rare earth fluoride thus formed can subsequently be processed through the electrolysis route in the same reactor, and rare earth metal can be produced as the cathodic deposit. In this concept, the REO dissolution in molten fluorides would become unnecessary due to the complete conversion of the oxide into the fluoride, REF 3 . The results of XRD and EPMA analysis of the reacted samples indicate that AlF 3 , ZnF 2 , and FeF 3 can act as strong fluorinating agents for the neodymium oxide giving rise to a complete conversion of neodymium oxide into neodymium fluoride.

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Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 93%

“…Fig. 15 The optimized LiF-NdF 3 phase diagram: (filled square) experimental data liquidus; (filled triangle) experimental data solidus [19,22] …”

Section: Alloy Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Extraction of Rare Earth Metals in Molten Fluorides: Conversion of Rare Earth Oxides into Rare Earth Fluorides Using Fluoride Additives

Abbasalizadeh

Malfliet

Seetharaman

et al. 2017

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…As already mentioned in the introduction, there is to our best knowledge only one other experimental study available which is an unpublished work done by Barton et al as given in [3] but their data are not conclusive. In a phase diagram description of the (Li-F + UF 3 ) system by van der Meer et al [16] using a polynomial model for the calculations, the phase diagram was estimated from the interaction parameters of the (LiF + XF 3 ) systems with X = Sm, Nd, Pr, Pu, Ce, La. Van der Meer et al did not consider the experimental points from Barton et al in their study since these data show a different liquidus shape compared to the other systems.…”

Section: (Lif + Uf 3 ) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic assessment of the (LiF+UF3) and (NaF+UF3) systems

Beilmann¹,

Beneš²,

Konings³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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“…LiF is theorized to form a eutectic with AcF 3 at 33 mole% actinide fluoride-this eutectic is liquid at 675 ºC. 2 The lithium was required to be able to breed tritium to sustain the fusion reaction. There is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding this material choice, so experimental work will be required in the future.…”

Section: In-zinerator Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion transmutation of waste and the role of the In-Zinerator in the nuclear fuel cycle.

Cipiti

2006

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The Z-Pinch fusion experiment at Sandia National Laboratories has been making significant progress in developing a high-energy fusion neutron source. This source has the potential to be used for the transmutation of nuclear waste. The goal of this research was to do a scoping-level design of a fusion-based transmuter to determine potential transmutation rates along with the fusion yield requirements. Two "In-Zinerator" designs have been developed to transmute the long-lived actinides that dominate the heat production in spent fuel. The first design burns up all transuranics (TRU) in spent fuel (Np, Pu, Am, Cm), and the second is focused only on burning up Am and Cm. The TRU In-Zinerator is designed for a fuel cycle requiring burners to get rid of all the TRU with no light water reactor (LWR) recycle. The Am/Cm In-Zinerator is designed for a fuel cycle with Np/Pu recycling in LWRs. Both types of In-Zinerators operate with a moderate fusion source driving a sub-critical actinide blanket. The neutron multiplication is 30, so a great deal of energy is produced in the blanket. With the design goal of generating 3,000 MW th , about 1,200 kg/yr of actinides can be destroyed in each In-Zinerator. Each TRU In-Zinerator will require a 20 MW fusion source, and it will take a total of 20 units (each producing 3,000 MWth) to burn up the TRU as fast as the current LWR fleet can produce it. Each Am/Cm In-Zinerator will require a 24 MW fusion source, and it will take a total of 2 units to burn up the Am/Cm as fast as the current LWR fleet can produce it. The necessary fusion yield could be achieved using a 200-240 MJ target fired once every 10 seconds.4

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Thermodynamic modelling of LiF–LnF3 and LiF–AnF3 phase diagrams

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Electrochemical Extraction of Rare Earth Metals in Molten Fluorides: Conversion of Rare Earth Oxides into Rare Earth Fluorides Using Fluoride Additives

Electrochemical Extraction of Rare Earth Metals in Molten Fluorides: Conversion of Rare Earth Oxides into Rare Earth Fluorides Using Fluoride Additives

Thermodynamic assessment of the (LiF+UF3) and (NaF+UF3) systems

Fusion transmutation of waste and the role of the In-Zinerator in the nuclear fuel cycle.

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