Thermodynamic forces on particles in a concentration gradient

Diffusiophoresis of concentrated suspensions of spherical particles with identical ionic diffusion velocities

“…In their study, they compared the difference between cases where β = 0 (KCl) and β = 0 (NaCl). They also concluded that the diffusiophoretic motion of colloidal particles cannot be totally predicted by thermodynamic forces in electrolyte solution [23]. Dukhin [24] provided a thorough physical analysis later on.…”