Thermodynamic evaluation of the Fe–Zn system

Su, Xuping; Tang, Nai‐Yong; Toguri, J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0925-8388(01)01273-7

Cited by 123 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In terms of interactions it means that the interaction between two Zn atoms is attractive (predominance of Zn-Zn bonds). This conclusion agrees with the semi-empirical Miedema's model predictions [17] and it is at variance with Calphad calculations [18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In terms of interactions it means that the interaction between Fe and Zn atoms is repulsive (predominance of Zn-Zn bonds). The observation can be compared with the Miedema's model predictions [17] on the enthalpy H Fe-Zn of the solution of Zn in Fe as well as the results of Calphad calculations concerning enthalpy of formation H for for the Fe-Zn alloys [18][19][20]. It is possible because the enthalpy H for is related to the enthalpy H Fe-Zn in the following way:…”

Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Konieczny¹,

Idczak²

2015

Nukleonika

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Abstract. Mechanical alloying method was applied to prepare nanocrystalline iron-based Fe 1−x Zn x solid solutions with x in the range 0.01  x  0.05. The structural properties of the materials were investigated with the Mössbauer spectroscopy by measuring the room temperature spectra of 57 Fe for as-obtained and annealed samples. The spectra were analyzed in terms of parameters of their components related to unlike surroundings of the iron probes, determined by different numbers of zinc atoms existing in the neighborhood of iron atoms. The obtained results gave clear evidence that after annealing process, the distribution of impurity atoms in the fi rst coordination spheres of 57 Fe nuclei is not random and it cannot be described by binomial distribution. The estimated, positive values of the short-range order parameters suggest clustering tendencies of Zn atoms in the Fe-Zn alloys with low zinc concentration. The results were compared with corresponding data derived from Calphad calculation and resulting from the cellular atomic model of alloys by Miedema.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Experimental and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Konieczny¹,

Idczak²

2015

Nukleonika

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“…The austenite-to-ferrite transformation of the grain boundary region driven by the Zn diffusion in austenite, due to the low solubility of Zn in austenite. 28) Stage 4. The intergranular cracking of the boundary region, which has transformed to ferrite α-Fe(Zn), when an external stress is applied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-Metal-Induced Embrittlement Related Microcrack Propagation on Zn-coated Press Hardening Steel

et al. 2015

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The coatings on press hardening steel are needed to suppress high temperature oxidation and decarburization. Additional corrosion protection is provided by Zn coatings which provide cathodic protection to press hardened parts. Due to the low melting temperature of Zn and Zn-Fe intermetallic compounds, the Zn-coated PHSs are susceptible to LMIE during the die-quenching process. In the present work, the mechanical properties of Zn coated PHS were evaluated in terms of tensile properties and bending properties. A deterioration of the room temperature bendability, due to microcrack formation and propagation, was observed. The presence of Γ-Fe3Zn10 observed in the microcracks at room temperature correspond to liquid Zn at the die-quenching temperature, making it possible to trace the progress of the liquid Zn phase during microcrack formation. The results suggest that Zn-grain boundary diffusion causes the phase transformation to ferrite of the austenite grain boundary region. This results in intergranular cracking due to the lower strength of ferrite. The LMIE microcrack formation is most severe in areas where the applied stress and the friction are highest during the forming process, making the occurrence of LMIE-mitigated microcrack propagation dependent on the local deformation conditions.

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“…(1)- (6). The values provided in references [22][23][24][25] are used for calculating the activity coefficient of each element in Fe, and the oxygen partial pressure of the system is estimated to be 1:9 Â 10 À10 (atm) 23,26) under the assumption that the partial pressure can be controlled by the equilibrium between the metal and the slag. However, Ag, Pb, and Ca do not dissolve in Fe when their concentration is 1 mol %; hence, the metal melt is saturated with these elements.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

et al. 2009

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Currently, several metals are commercially recycled from by-products and wastes by metallurgical processing. However, the metallurgical process has each characteristic, which causes limitation for resource recovery. The combinations of elements in secondary resources, such as byproducts and wastes, are often different from those in natural resources. There are even combinations that are not present in natural resources. Conventional metallurgical processes have been optimized for economical and efficient extraction of desired elements only from large amount of ores under constant grade. Therefore, in order to extract metals from secondary resources by the conventional metallurgical process, it is necessary to estimate the recoverability of the constituent elements by taking into account their chemical properties well in advance. In particular, analysis for combination of elements is significantly important.In this study, we developed the evaluation method of metal resources recyclability based on thermodynamic analysis, and made clear the element distribution among gas, slag and metal phases during metal recovery based on thermodynamic analysis. In an application of the method shows that Cu, and precious metals (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) present in mobile phones can be recovered as metals in the pyrometallurgy process of Cu in a converter, while Pb and Zn can be recovered as vapor. Other elements distributed in the slag phase are difficult to recover. The result of our analysis reflects the trends observed in the distribution of metals in copper metallurgy, thereby indicating the validity of our proposed evaluation method.

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Thermodynamic evaluation of the Fe–Zn system

Cited by 123 publications

References 22 publications

Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Liquid-Metal-Induced Embrittlement Related Microcrack Propagation on Zn-coated Press Hardening Steel

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

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Thermodynamic evaluation of the Fe–Zn system

Cited by 123 publications

References 22 publications

Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Liquid-Metal-Induced Embrittlement Related Microcrack Propagation on Zn-coated Press Hardening Steel

Evaluation Method of Metal Resource Recyclability Based on Thermodynamic Analysis

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Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy

Atomic short-range order in mechanically synthesized iron based Fe-Zn alloys studied by ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy