Thermodynamic evaluation of small-scale systems with biomass gasifiers, solid oxide fuel cells with Ni/GDC anodes and gas turbines

Aravind, P.V.; Woudstra, Theo; Woudstra, N.; Spliethoff, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.017

Cited by 78 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A comprehensive study by Sasaki and Teraoka (2003b) led to detail boundaries of graphitic carbon deposition for equilibrium temperature ranging from 100°C to 1000°C. Essentially the same approach was reported in several other papers (Koh et al 2001, Sasaki and Teraoka 2003a, Sasaki et al 2004, Kee et al 2008, Aravind et al 2009, Chen et al 2011, Lee et al 2013, Liu et al 2013) using various software codes. Determination of the carbon deposition boundary was based on assumption of a very small but non-zero amount of solid carbon in equilibrium (Koh et al 2002) or a fraction of 10 −6 of the total carbon amount (Sasaki and Teraoka 2003a).…”

Section: Published Models Of Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Critical compositions of C-H-O mixtures for carbon deposition to occur were usually studied with the help of commercial software based on principles expressed in Equations (1) to (7). Several papers (Bartholomew 1982, Koh et al 2001, Eguchi et al 2002, Koh et al 2002, Sasaki and Teraoka 2003a,b, Sasaki et al 2004, Kee et al 2008, Aravind et al 2009, Chen et al 2011, Lee et al 2013, Liu et al 2013 reported C-H-O equilibrium calculations and their comprehensive presentation in ternary diagrams. Most of the published studies considered only the graphitic form of solid carbon.…”

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Carbon Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

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On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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AbstractExtensive literature information on experimental thermodynamic data and theoretical analysis for depositing carbon in various crystallographic forms is examined, and a new three-phase diagram for carbon is proposed. The published methods of quantitative description of gas-solid carbon equilibrium conditions are critically evaluated for filamentous carbon. The standard chemical potential values are accepted only for purified single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT). Series of C-H-O ternary diagrams are constructed with plots of boundary lines for carbon deposition either as graphite or nanotubes. The lines are computed for nine temperature levels from 200°C to 1000°C and for the total pressure of 1 bar and 10 bar. The diagram for graphite and 1 bar fully conforms to that in (Sasaki K, Teraoka Y. Equilibria in fuel cell gases II. The C-H-O ternary diagrams. J Electrochem Soc 2003b, 150: A885–A888). Allowing for CNTs in carbon deposition leads to significant lowering of the critical carbon content in the reformates in temperatures from 500°C upward with maximum shifting up the deposition boundary O/C values by about 17% and 28%, respectively, at 1 and 10 bar.

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Section: Published Models Of Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Carbon Deposition Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Jaworski

Zakrzewska

Pianko‐Oprych

2017

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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“…However, generation of additional steam using heat from gas turbine outlet decreases the thermal energy and exergy available at the system outlet, thereby decreasing total system efficiency. With the gas cleaning at atmospheric temperature, there is a decrease in the electrical efficiency of the order of 4-5% when compared to the efficiency of the systems working with intermediate to high gas-cleaning temperatures (20). However at such small power levels even with low temperature gas cleaning, such systems offer significant efficiency advantages when compared to competing systems such as gasifier-micro turbine systems and gasifier-IC engine systems.…”

Section: System Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Gasifier–SOFC Systems: From Electrode Studies to the Development of Integrated Systems and New Applications

et al. 2013

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An overview of the research activities and on-going multiple projects at Delft University of Technology aimed at the development of Gasifier–Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) based power plants are presented. Biosyngas generated in gasifiers consists of a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), water vapor (H2O), and minor impurities. Biosyngas can be a good fuel for SOFCs provided that the gas is sufficiently cleaned. Influence of biosyngas compositions and biomass-derived contaminants on SOFCs is presented and the removal of potential contaminants such as tar, particulates, H2S, HCl, and alkali compounds from biosyngas is discussed. It appears that the gasification product gas can be cleaned to meet the requirements of SOFCs using currently known gas cleaning methods. Additionally, a brief discussion on the achievable system efficiencies with gasifier–SOFC systems is presented. Innovative applications of the gasifier-SOFC systems being developed at Delft, such as advanced gasifier–SOFC systems for toilet development, are also presented.

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“…Biomass gasification coupled with solid oxide fuel cells (BG-SOFC) offer much higher efficiencies. These systems offer highly efficient renewable energy, are modular in nature making them ideal for decentralised combined heat and power (CHP) applications and as a result have recently gained much attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. For a comprehensive list and description of research on BG-SOFC systems, refer to Nagel [4] and Doherty [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process simulation of biomass gasification integrated with a solid oxide fuel cell stack

Doherty¹,

Reynolds²,

Kennedy³

2015

Journal of Power Sources

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HIGHLIGHTS A cathode recycle or electric heater for syngas preheating is not attractive. Thermal integration between the gasifier and fuel cell is desirable. Lowering the syngas preheat temperature is highly recommended. High temperature syngas cleaning reduces plant complexity and improves performance. Gasification air preheating is more attractive than gasification steam superheating. ABSTRACTBiomass gasification-solid oxide fuel cell (BG-SOFC) combined heat and power (CHP) systems are of major interest in the context of climate change mitigation, energy security and increasing energy efficiency. Aspen Plus is employed to simulate various BG-SOFC CHP systems. The aim of the research work is to investigate the technical feasibility of these systems and to study the influence of important operating parameters and examine integration options. Systems based on dual fluidised bed steam gasification and tubular SOFC technologies are modelled. The cathode recycle and electric heater integration options are not attractive in comparison to the base case anode recycle system. Thermal integration, i.e. using SOFC flue gas as gasifier oxidant, is desirable.Lowering the syngas preheat temperature (prior to SOFC anodes) is highly recommended and is more practical than lowering the cathode air preheat temperature. Results of the parametric study indicate that: steam to carbon ratio and biomass moisture content should be as low as possible; fuel utilisation factor can change the mode of operation of the plant (focus on electricity or heat); high temperature syngas cleaning is very attractive; gasification air preheating is more attractive than gasification steam superheating. High efficiencies are predicted, proving the technical feasibility of BG-SOFC CHP systems.

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Thermodynamic evaluation of small-scale systems with biomass gasifiers, solid oxide fuel cells with Ni/GDC anodes and gas turbines

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

On thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon deposition from gaseous C-H-O mixtures: updating for nanotubes

Biomass Gasifier–SOFC Systems: From Electrode Studies to the Development of Integrated Systems and New Applications

Process simulation of biomass gasification integrated with a solid oxide fuel cell stack

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