Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit of Bifacial Solar Cells for Various Spectral Albedos

Analysis of Failure Modes in Kesterite Solar Cells

“…12 . PV data and related bandgaps from References [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] . Bandgaps are extracted from EQE spectra.…”

Sulfurization of Co-Evaporated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 as a Postdeposition Treatment

“…One can speculate why the introduction of sulfur has a detrimental effect on the device performance when introduced in a post deposition step and a beneficial effect in the SAS process used for example by Solar Frontier [3]. Multiple effects could be responsible for this apparent discrepancy.…”

“…In the two-step process metal precursors are typically annealed in H 2 Se followed by H 2 S to create a sulfur rich surface [1,2]. Solar Frontier has demonstrated a record conversion efficiency of 22.3% using this two-step process commonly abbreviated SAS (sulfurization after selenization) [3]. The benefit of the sulfur incorporation in the surface of This work was supported in part by the Swedish foundation for strategic research in the framework project RMA15-0030.…”

Simulation of Bifacial and Monofacial Silicon Solar Cell Short-Circuit Current Density Under Measured Spectro-Angular Solar Irradiance

“…Due to the higher acceptance angle, a bifacial cell can accept light from almost all angles, hence accepts more diffuse irradiance and albedo. The measurements were performed on grass, the effect would be even more pronounced for a higher albedo [13]- [15]. On the other hand, if the cells were mounted on a low albedo material such as dark concrete, the benefit of a bifacial cell would only result from improved performance during cloudy days.…”

“…This has motivated research in various directions for bifacial cells, ranging from mismatch loss estimation [8], single-axis tracking [9], [10], modeling [11] to field studies [12]. Furthermore, it has been shown that the spectral dependence of albedo also strongly influences the output [13]- [15]. Properly accounting for all these effects requires knowledge on the spectral and angular irradiance.…”