Thermodynamic Driving Force of the γ → ε Transformation and Resulting MS Temperature in High-Mn Steels

Pisarik, Scott Thomas; Aken, David C. Van

doi:10.1007/s11661-015-3265-x

Cited by 59 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that the value of 15 wt.% Mn is of secondary significance, it was found by Medvedeva et al [20] that there exists a minimum in the SFE of fcc iron at~12 wt.% Mn from first principles calculations. This result was also corroborated experimentally from the work of Pisarik and Van Aken [21] and Field et al [22] who also showed there was a significant change in the martensite kinetics at 12 wt.% Mn. These works are in close agreement with the Mn concentration at which there is a shift in grain boundary mobility as reported by Bhattacharyya et al [19] A secondary work by Medvedeva et al [23] showed by first principles that Mn and C will form a dipole in both bcc and fcc iron.…”

Section: Grain Size and Grain Growthsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A lightweight steel with a composition of Fe-30.8Mn-9.2Al-0.7Si-1.0C-0.5Mo (in wt.%) was commercially cast into a 5450 kg ingot by Elwood Quality Steels. The SFE of the alloy was calculated to be 89 mJ/m 2 using a regular solution model according to the work of Pisarik and Van Aken [21]. After cooling the ingot was forged, and the forged slab was reheated and rolled by ArcelorMittal to a plate thickness of 12.7 mm to obtain a total thickness reduction of 95%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Grain Growth Kinetics of a Low Density Steel

Field

Limmer

Hornbuckle

2019

Metals

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The grain growth kinetics of an age-hardenable Fe-Mn-Al-C steel were investigated. Kinetics of grain growth were determined between 1173 and 1348 K (900–1075 °C) to obtain a range of grain sizes from 30 to 475 μm. It was found that grain growth was negligible at 1173 K (900 °C) for times up to 15 h. The activation energy for grain growth was found to be 467 kJ/mol. The hardness and mean linear intercept (L3) were correlated to follow a traditional Hall-Petch relationship. Tensile properties of the alloy were determined after various solution treatments performed for 2 h followed by water quenching. Tensile strength increased from 810 to 960 MPa and ductility was reduced from 80 to 60% as the grain size decreased from 200 μm to 30 μm as grain coarsening was mitigated by lowering the solution treatment temperature.

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Section: Grain Size and Grain Growthsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Grain Growth Kinetics of a Low Density Steel

Field

Limmer

Hornbuckle

2019

Metals

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“…Alloys are designated by the nominal Mn content of the steel. The martensite start temperatures were calculated according to the work of Pisarik and Van Aken [43] for e-martensite, and Field et al [42] for a-martensite. Stacking fault energy (SFE) was calculated according to the original work by Olson and Cohen [44] using Eq.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A regular solution model [43] was used to calculate the driving force for transformation, DG cfie ; Vegard's law was used to calculate the planar atomic density, q, of {111} c , and the interfacial energy between the c-austenite and e-martensite, r c/e , was held constant at 10 mJ/m 2 . The start temperature for the e-martensite was calculated by determining the temperature at which SFE = 0 mJ/m 2 for the case where n = 4.…”

Section: ½2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The start temperature for the e-martensite was calculated by determining the temperature at which SFE = 0 mJ/m 2 for the case where n = 4. [43] The M a S was calculated according to the work by Field et al, [42] where the strain energy of transformation, (DG c!a str ) was balanced against the chemical driving force (DG c!a chem ) according to Eqs. [3] and [4].…”

Section: ½2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Strain Aging Phenomena and Tensile Response of Medium-Mn TRIP Steel

Field

Aken

2018

Metall Mater Trans A

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Dynamic strain aging (DSA) and rapid work hardening are typical behaviors observed in medium-Mn transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel. Three alloys with manganese ranging from 10.2 to 13.8 wt pct with calculated room temperature stacking fault energies varying from À 2.1 to 0.7 mJ/m 2 were investigated. Significant serrations were observed in the stress-strain behavior for two of the steels and the addition of 4.6 wt pct chromium was effective in significantly reducing the occurrence of DSA. Addition of chromium to the alloy reduced DSA by precipitation of M 23 (C,N) 6 during batch annealing at 873 K (600°C) for 20 hours. Three distinct DSA mechanisms were identified: one related to manganese ordering in stacking faults associated with e-martensite and austenite interface, with activation energies for the onset and termination of DSA being 145 and 277 kJ/mol. A second mechanism was associated with carbon diffusion in c-austenite where Mn-C bonding added to the total binding energy, and activation energies of 88 and 155 kJ/mol were measured for the onset and termination of DSA. A third mechanism was attributed to dislocation pinning and unpinning by nitrogen in a-ferrite with activation energies of 64 and 123 kJ/mol being identified. Tensile behaviors of the three medium manganese steels were studied in both the hot band and batch annealed after cold working conditions. Ultimate tensile strengths ranged from 1310 to 1404 MPa with total elongation of 24.1 to 34.1 pct. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the transformation response of the steels using interrupted tensile tests at room temperature. All three of the processed steels showed evidence of two-stage TRIP where c-austenite first transformed to e-martensite, and subsequently transformed to a-martensite.

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Nanocrystalline Advanced High Strength Steel Produced by Cold Rolling and Annealing

Field

Aken

2016

Metall Mater Trans A

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Thermodynamic Driving Force of the γ → ε Transformation and Resulting MS Temperature in High-Mn Steels

Cited by 59 publications

References 47 publications

On the Grain Growth Kinetics of a Low Density Steel

On the Grain Growth Kinetics of a Low Density Steel

Dynamic Strain Aging Phenomena and Tensile Response of Medium-Mn TRIP Steel

Nanocrystalline Advanced High Strength Steel Produced by Cold Rolling and Annealing

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