Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu–Ge binary system

A calorimetric study of thermodynamic properties for binary Cu–Ge alloys

“…The density and surface tension of liquid Cu-Ge alloys in the temperature range between liquidus line and 1373 K were studied by Gruner et al [14]. Recently, Wang et al [20] have assessed the excess Gibbs energies of Cu-Ge binary system by adopting the CALPHAD approach [21]. However, the enthalpy of fusion, which is one of the fundamental thermodynamic parameters and plays an important role in computing the Gibbs free energy and determining the crystal nucleation and growth process [22], has not yet been available in the published literature.…”

Phase transformations behavior in a Cu–8.0Ni–1.8Si alloy

“…There is a need to develop new alloy with better combination of strength and electrical conductivity. Alloying is an effective method to conduct new Cu-based materials with high strength and good electrical conductivity [8,9]. Cu-Ni-Si-based alloys with high solute concentrations have super high strength and good conductivity, which has a good prospect for substituting for toxic Cu-Be alloys [10].…”

Experimental investigations of the Ag–Cu–Ge system

“…Two other phases, Cu 5 Ge 2 and e (x Ge = 0.235) appear to be stable over relatively narrow temperature intervals. Thermodynamic data for the system have been taken from the recent critical assessment of Wang et al [3] (Fig. 2 evaluation of the experimental data published prior that time.…”

“…Part of this is due to the fact that the crystal structures of the binary Cu-Ge intermetallics have been investigated several times. In the present paper we have adopted the names of the phases used in the recent work of Wang [3], but in order to avoid confusion in the discussion of the published information, the names, structure types and Pearson symbol which were used by the various authors are also listed in Table 1.…”