Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis for carbothermal reduction process of CoSb alloy powders used as anode for lithium ion batteries

CoSb3 alloy nanoparticles wrapped with N-doped carbon layers as a highly active bifunctional electrocatalyst for zinc–air batteries

“…During this step, the N-doped carbon layers (NCL) derived from b-CD and urea can simultaneously reduce Co-[C 4 H 4 O 7 Sb] complex to CoSb 3 alloy, resulting in the formation of CoSb 3 @NCL nanocomposites. 26 The possible reaction process can be described as follows:…”

Co–Sb intermetallic compounds and their disproportionated nanocomposites as high-performance anodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Among the many candidate elements for high-capacity anode materials, such as Sn, Si, P, and Sb, many studies have been devoted to Sb-based systems because of their relatively high gravimetric (Li 3 Sb: 660 mA h g À1 ) and volumetric capacities ($4370 mA h cm À3 ). [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] However, Sb-based systems generally suffer from poor cycling behavior because of the large volume change that occurs during the repeated charge/discharge reactions.…”

“…Sb-based intermetallics show an interesting reaction mechanism with Li. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] During the Li reaction in Sb-based intermetallics, M x Sb y (M ¼ Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn with x, y ¼ 1, 2 and 3) can form (i) a Li ternary phase through an insertion (or addition) reaction and (ii) an Li 3 Sb phase with a nanocrystalline metal by a conversion reaction. The insertion and conversion reactions can be summarized as follows:…”

“…20,21,[32][33][34] On the other hand, conversion reaction (2) produces a nanocrystalline metal and Li 3 Sb, which afford advantageous features in terms of less severe structural stress. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Although various intermetallic compounds have shown enhanced electrochemical properties, the electrochemical performance of these compounds is still poor, thus preventing their commercial use. Nanostructured materials are considered another suitable alternative to Li alloy-based electrode materials.…”

Nanostructured hybrid cobalt oxide/copper electrodes of lithium-ion batteries with reversible high-rate capabilities

“…Hybridizing nanostructured cobalt oxides with conducting matrices to form complex structures has been realized to be an effective route to overcome the above-mentioned problems [13][14][15][16][17]. More recently, Taberna et al [18] demonstrated a two-step designed electrode consisting of Cu nanorods grown on a current collector followed by electrodeposition of Fe 3 O 4 as an active material.…”