Thermodynamic Analysis of Zinc Ferrite Decomposition in Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Lime

Yakornov, S. A.; Panshin, A. M.; Grudinsky, Pavel; Dyubanov, V. G.; Леонтьев, Л. И.; Козлов, П. А.; Ivakin, D. A.

doi:10.3103/s1067821217060165

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To improve the efficiency of the utilization of zinc resources, it is essential to focus on the development of technologies for the recovery of zinc-containing dust. Many investigations have reported that zinc ferrite could be decomposed by hightemperature roasting with the addition of lime [29,[35][36][37]. The recovery of zinc from synthetic zinc ferrite by calcium roasting and ammonia leaching was reported in our previous paper [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Mineral Phase Reconstruction and Separation Behavior of Zinc and Iron from Zinc-Containing Dust

Xie

Guo

et al. 2023

Materials

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Zinc-containing dust can be found in ironmaking and steelmaking, and it is an important secondary resource of zinc. Zinc-containing dust from an electric furnace was used as a raw material to study the phase transformation behavior of the dust using a calcification roasting process and the zinc–iron separation behavior by using ammonia leaching. The zinc-bearing dust was mixed with CaO and roasted to transform the zinc ferrite into zinc oxide. The results showed that increasing the calcium oxide to dust ratio could promote the conversion of zinc ferrite to zinc oxide. When the calcium oxide ratio reached 60%, the peak of zinc ferrite in the calcined-roasted product in the zinc-containing dust basically disappeared. As the temperature increased, the zinc oxide grains increased but were still smaller than 10 μm. The calcined-roasted product was crushed and ground, and the zinc was leached by ammonia. A zinc–iron recovery rate of 86.12% was achieved by the ammonia leaching. The leachate could be used for zinc extraction by electrolysis. The leaching residue was mainly calcium ferrate, which could be used in sintering production. The proposed process may achieve on-site recovery of zinc-containing dust in steel-making plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Mineral Phase Reconstruction and Separation Behavior of Zinc and Iron from Zinc-Containing Dust

Xie

Guo

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…The following pyrometallurgical processes are or have been in operation to treat EAF dust: Rotary kiln (Waelz kiln), Rotary Hearth Furnace (RHF), Multi-stage furnace (PRIMUS), and the Electric Smelting Reduction Furnace (ESRF) [47]. 80-90% of the EAF dust which is recycled (approximately 2-2.1 Mt) is treated using the Waelz kiln, or a derivate of this technology, as it is currently deemed the most efficient processing route [42,44,48].…”

Section: Review Of Waelz Kiln For Eaf Dust Recycling and Carbon Footp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of recycled galvanised steel as a resource for Zn production

Uys,

Becker,

Petersen

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The high reduction potential of zinc has enabled its extensive use in the steel industry as a protective galvanising coating. Galvanising, which consumes approximately 50-60% of the global production of zinc, significantly increases the life span of steel products and contributes towards addressing the costly global problem of corrosion. While there does not appear to be a readily available and agreed-upon annual quantity of galvanised steel produced, it has been estimated by the authors to be 320-390 Mt/a (equating to 15-20% of the annual steel production). Due to the various methods employed to galvanise steel and different steel shapes which are coated, there is no clarity on the average percentage of zinc which galvanised steel is comprised of. However, a zinc content of between 1.5-2.5% appears to correlate with the estimated annual galvanised steel production. The reprocessing of secondary zinc streams is becoming increasingly important due to legislation changes and increased consumer demand for recycled and low carbon metals. Within the steel industry this will include the recycling of galvanised scrap steel, using primary process routes, as well as the re-processing of waste streams, such as steel dusts, using additional technologies such as the Waelz kiln. Zinc associated with galvanised scrap steel would exclusively report to these dusts, and thus represents a key resource for recycled zinc. Although there are two main steel process routes preceding the galvanising process, the focus here is on the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process route due to its ability to incorporate high levels of secondary (zinc containing) steel feeds, and the dust produced typically contains economically recoverable levels of zinc. EAF dust production is estimated between 5-10 Mt/a at a zinc content of 10-36%. Failure to recover this zinc would represent a loss of 0.5-3.6 Mt Zn/a to waste. The Waelz kiln is the most prominent technology utilised to recover Zn from EAF dust. However, this process requires additional energy, and thus the associated carbon footprint needs to be included in the evaluation of the potential of Waelz oxide as a secondary Zn resource. To this end, model analysis of a simplified Waelz kiln using the HSC simulation software shows that the carbon footprint associated with the processing of EAF dust ranges from 4-12 kg CO2/kg Zn dust at 10 wt.% Zn in the dust to 1-4 kg CO2/kg Zn at 35 wt.% Zn in the dust.

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“…Pretreatment and leaching of ferrous dusts-As discussed in the preceding sections, the presence of the refractory ZnFe 2 O 4 spinel presents challenges to the conventional leaching of these materials in aqueous media. As such, several studies have focused on the thermal pretreatment of Zn-bearing dusts before the leaching process (Chairaksa-Fujimoto et al, 2015;Miki et al, 2016;Chairaksa-Fujimoto et al, 2016;Yakornov et al, 2017). Chairaksa-Fujimoto et al (2015) investigated the effect of CaO addition on the conversion of ZnFe 2 O 4 in industrial EAF dust.…”

Section: Pgm Smelter Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining and metallurgical wastes: a review of recycling and re-use practices

Matinde

Simate

Ndlovu

2018

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

103

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Mining is a complex process involving activities that range from exploration through mine development, mineral beneficiation, metal extraction, smelting, refining, reclamation, and remediation (Bian et al., 2012; Ndlovu, Simate, and Matinde, 2017). In the process of extracting the metal values, these activities produce significant amounts of wastes, typically consisting of (1) solid wastes in the form of waste rock, dusts, sludges, and slags, (2) liquid wastes in the form of waste water and effluents, and (3) gaseous emissions. In South Africa, mining and metallurgical wastes constitute one of the biggest challenges to the environment. If not managed properly, the anthropogenic effects of these mining and metal extraction activities can result in irreversible damage to the environment and a hazard to humans. In South Africa, in particular, these types of wastes are usually disposed of in landfills, thereby creating serious environmental and health challenges for communities. Mitigating the effects of such mining, metallurgical, and metal manufacturing processes requires a holistic waste management approach that incorporates reduction in the amount of waste

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Thermodynamic Analysis of Zinc Ferrite Decomposition in Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Lime

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Mineral Phase Reconstruction and Separation Behavior of Zinc and Iron from Zinc-Containing Dust

Mineral Phase Reconstruction and Separation Behavior of Zinc and Iron from Zinc-Containing Dust

Evaluation of recycled galvanised steel as a resource for Zn production

Mining and metallurgical wastes: a review of recycling and re-use practices

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