Thermodynamic analysis of methanation of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) pyrolysis oil with and without in situ CO₂ sorption

Advanced Steam Reforming of Bio-Oil with Carbon Capture: A Techno-Economic and CO2 Emissions Analysis

“…Bio-oil was modelled using a surrogate mixture, as in the work of Spragg et al [15], closely resembling the elemental composition and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve of a real palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) bio-oil [24]. Sensitivity analysis on PEFB bio-oil model mixtures shows equilibrium results are not sensitive to the exact mixture composition, provided a known elemental composition [25]. The bio-oil surrogate mixture was based on the work of Dupont et al [26], and the bio-oil has been represented with a mixture of 6 macro-families following the methodology of García-Pérez et al [27].…”

Hydrogen production from bio-oil: A thermodynamic analysis of sorption-enhanced chemical looping steam reforming

“…The mass fraction of each compound was selected using curve fitting procedures, in order that the elemental composition and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curve closely matches that of a real Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) bio-oil [68]. A sensitivity analysis on PEFB bio-oil model mixtures has previously shown that the equilibrium results are not sensitive to the exact mixture composition, provided that the elemental composition is known [69]. The composition used in this study is shown in Table 2.…”