Thermodynamic analysis of conversion of alternative hydrocarbon-based feedstocks to hydrogen

Turpeinen, Esa; Raudaskoski, R.; Pongrácz, Éva; Keiski, Riitta L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.037

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The main thermal upgrading technologies studied for COG valorisation include steam [34][35][36][37][38][39][43][44][45]49] and dry reforming [9,[40][41][42][46][47][48] as well as partial oxidation [10,[50][51][52][53][54][55]. Turpeinen et al [56] reported an interesting thermodynamic analysis of COG conversion into hydrogen using these three different technologies as compared to other potential hydrogen sources (e.g. natural gas, biogas and refinery gas).…”

Section: Synthesis Gas Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of novel technologies to valorise coke oven gas surplus

Bermúdez

Arenillas

Luque

et al. 2013

Fuel Processing Technology

117

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The steelmaking industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world and is responsible for 5-7 % of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. It is therefore necessary to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases emissions in these industries. COG, a by-product of coking plants, is one of the key ways to achieve these goals. COG, which is used as fuel in different processes of the steelmaking plants, is a H 2 -rich gas with a high energetic potential. However, there is a significant surplus that usually is burnt away in torches, and even directly emitted into the air. With the aim of tackling this wasting of resources and energy inefficiency, several alternatives have been proposed during recent years. In the present work, these alternatives are reviewed and their main advantages and drawbacks are discussed.Coke oven gas (COG) is a point of high interest to enhance energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions in the steel industry [2,3,5,6]. COG is a by-product of coal carbonisation to coke which is co-generated in the coking process [7]. In spite of the reduction of coke consumption in the blast furnace (and therefore COG production), during the past few decades, blast furnaces cannot operate without coke which implies COG will continue to be produced in large quantities in the future [3]. COG, has a very complex composition after leaving the coke oven. Firstly, the gas is cooled down to separate tars to subsequently undergo different scrubbing processes to eliminate NH 3 , H 2 S and BTX [3]. After these conditioning stages, cold COG comprises H 2 (~55-60 %), CH 4 (~23-27 %), CO (~5-8 %), N 2 (~3-6 %), CO 2 (less than 2 %) along with other hydrocarbons in small proportions. Currently 20-40 % of COG produced is normally utilised as fuel in the actual coke ovens [8][9][10]. The remaining COG generated Final version published in Fuel Processing Technology, 2013, 110 , 150--159 is generally employed in alternative processes of the steel mills [3,7] but most surplus is currently burnt off in torches and even in some cases directly emitted to the air [10,11].These vary due to the highly dynamic nature of the steel-making process [8].In addition, COG approximately accounts for 18 % of the energy output of a coking plant due to its large low calorific value, which varies from 17 to 18 MJ/m 3 [3]. Both COG energetic properties and production excess lead to large GHG emissions, energy inefficiency and most importantly a significant environmental impact which in turn is also reflected in a clearly improvable economic efficiency [3,4,12]. As an example of this inefficiency, U.S. Steel Corp. has been able to save over 6 million dollars annually by using COG as fuel in blast furnaces [8].During past few decades, various alternatives to valorise COG have been proposed, including its use for energy production, a direct utilisation in the blast furnace to produce "pig iron" or gas treatment for the production of chemicals and fuels.This work is aimed to provide an overview of some of the most promising a...

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Section: Synthesis Gas Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of novel technologies to valorise coke oven gas surplus

Bermúdez

Arenillas

Luque

et al. 2013

Fuel Processing Technology

117

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“…An interesting example is that of coke oven gas (COG) [6][7][8][9]. COG can be considered as a by-product of coking plants, which mainly consists of H 2 (~55-60 %), CH 4 (~23-27 %), CO (~5-8 %) and N 2 (~3-5 %) along with other hydrocarbons, H 2 S and NH 3 in small proportions [6; 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas from CO2 reforming of coke oven gas: Synergetic effect of activated carbon/Ni–γAl2O3 catalyst

Bermúdez

Arenillas

Menéndez

2011

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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The CO 2 reforming of coke oven gas for the production of synthesis gas has been studied over an activated carbon, an in-lab prepared Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst and physical mixtures of both materials in different proportions (AC+Ni) at 800 ºC. It was found that there are two possible coexisting reaction pathways: the direct dry reforming of methane (decomposition of methane followed by gasification of the carbon deposits) and the reverse water gas shift reaction followed by the steam reforming of methane. If the process is carried out with the physical mixtures AC+Ni, there is a synergetic effect between both materials. The experimental conversions are higher than the conversions predicted by the law of mixtures, whereas the production of water is lower, resulting in a higher selectivity. The mixtures also showed a lower loss of porosity than when the activated carbon and the in-lab prepared Ni/Al 2 O 3 were used individually. Therefore, the combination of these materials may produce catalysts that are more resistant to deactivation. The synthesis gas obtained was analyzed and it was found suitable for the production of methanol.

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“…O hidrogênio gerado neste processo pode ser convertido em eletricidade em uma célula a combustível, não havendo qualquer geração de resíduos à base de carbono. Muitos pesquisadores têm sugerido a produção de uma variedade de óxidos de metais semicondutores para a utilização como fotocatalisadores, tais como, por exemplo, TiO2, Ta2O5, VO2 e Nb2O5 para o fotoprodução de H2 [3]. Nióbio surge como uma excelente alternativa como fotocatalisador, pois ele tem uma banda de energia adequada (3,4 eV) para fotólise da água.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Preparação E Caracterização De Fotocatalisadores De Óxido De Nióbio Aplicados Na Produção De Hidrogênio Utilizando Glicerol Como Agente De Sacrifício

Proença¹,

Correa²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Enemet - Encontro Nacional De Estudantes De Engenharia Metalúrgica, De Materiais E De Minas

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ResumoFotocatalisadores de nióbio foram obtidos por anodização a 15 V, utilizando uma solução de K2HPO4 10% p/p em glicerol anidro como eletrólito por 15 minutos. As amostras foram caracterizadas por difração de raios-X para avaliação da estrutura cristalina obtida. A fotodegradação do glicerol (utilizado como agente de sacrifício) foi avaliada pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Palavras-chave: Nióbio; Hidrogênio; Fotocatálise; Anodização. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NIOBIUM OXIDE APPLIED IN PHOTOGENERATION H2 USING GLYCERL AS SACRIFICE AGENT AbstractPhotocatalysts of niobium were obtained by anodization process at 15 V by using a solution of K2HPO4 10% w/w anhydrous glycerol as the electrolyte for 15 minutes. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction to evaluate the crystal structure obtained. The photodegradation of glycerol (used as a sacrificial agent) was assessed by liquid chromatography of high efficiency.

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Thermodynamic analysis of conversion of alternative hydrocarbon-based feedstocks to hydrogen

Cited by 48 publications

References 20 publications

An overview of novel technologies to valorise coke oven gas surplus

An overview of novel technologies to valorise coke oven gas surplus

Syngas from CO2 reforming of coke oven gas: Synergetic effect of activated carbon/Ni–γAl2O3 catalyst

Preparação E Caracterização De Fotocatalisadores De Óxido De Nióbio Aplicados Na Produção De Hidrogênio Utilizando Glicerol Como Agente De Sacrifício

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