Thermodynamic Analysis of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Based Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Integrated with Biomass Gasification

Abstract

A novel cooling, heating, and power system integrated with a solid oxide fuel cell and biomass gasification was proposed and analyzed. The thermodynamic models of components and evaluation indicators were established to present energetic and exergetic analysis. After the validations of thermodynamic models, the system performances under design work conditions were evaluated. The proposed system’s electrical, energy, and exergy efficiencies reached up to 52.6%, 68.0%, and 43.9%, respectively. The gasifier and fuel cell stack were the most significant components of exergy destruction in this system, accounting for 41.0% and 15.1%, respectively, which were primarily caused by the gasification and electrochemical reactions’ irreversibility. The influences of the key parameters of the ratio of steam to biomass mass flow rate (S/B), the biomass flow rate (Mbio), and the temperature and pressure of the fuel cell (Top and Psofc) on system energy performances were analyzed: doubling S/B (from 0.5 to 1.0) reduced the energy efficiency by 5.3%, while increasing the electrical efficiency by 4.6% (from 52.6% to 55.0%) and raising the biomass mass flow rate by 40% increased the energy and exergy efficiencies by 2.4% and 2.1%, respectively. When raising the SOFC operating temperature by 31.3%, the energy and exergy efficiencies rose by 61.2% (from 50.0% to 80.6%) and 45.1% (from 32.8% to 47.6%), respectively, but this likely would result in a higher operating cost. Increasing the SOFC pressure from 2 to 7 bar increased the electrical efficiency by 10.6%, but additional energy for pumping and compression was consumed.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of an Ammonia Fuel Cell Integrated System for Marine Vessels

“…SOFCs [30] transform the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical power through electrochemical reactions at high temperatures (from 500 • C to 1100 • C). In the SOFC, ammonia participates in the reforming reaction according to Equation (1) under YSZ electrolytes [31].…”

“…where i and V c represent the current density (A/m 2 ) and the actual voltage of the stack (V), respectively, and a is the surface area (m 2 ) [26,30,35,37,38] i = nFU f q NH3 N cell A cell (15)…”