Thermochemical water-splitting structures for hydrogen production: Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental impacts

Ghorbani, Bahram; Zendehboudi, Sohrab; Zhang, Yan; Zarrin, Hadis; Chatzis, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117599

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 410 publications

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“…The indirect costs include engineering and supervision fees, covering design and oversight aspects, construction costs, and contingencies, allocated to address unexpected challenges or changes during project implementation. Also, other outlays include startup expenses, working capital needs, licensing fees, research and development costs, and allowances for funds used during construction . Meanwhile, the offsite costs involve expenditures related to land, civil, service facilities (SF), and structural and architectural work (LCSA). , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermoeconomic Analysis of an Innovative Integrated System for Cogeneration of Liquid Hydrogen and Biomethane by a Cryogenic-Based Biogas Upgrading Cycle and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis

Ghorbani,

Zendehboudi,

Saady

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Hydrogen (H2) as an ecofriendly alternative to fossil fuels faces challenges in storing large capacities for extended transportation due to its low volumetric energy density. Also, common large-scale storage techniques for H2 are associated with high energy consumption, which is potentially at odds with the environmental benefits. The multiproduct H2 storage systems are associated with enhancing efficiency and environmental sustainability, leading to significant cost savings and minimizing waste production. In this paper, an integrated system that cogenerates liquids H2 and biomethane is designed using low-temperature cascade refrigeration processes, cryogenic-based biogas purification cycle, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis, and organic Rankine plant. A two-stage mixed refrigerant refrigeration process is employed for purifying untreated biogas, liquefying biomethane, and precooling H2 generated by a PEM electrolyzer. Four H2 Joule-Brayton refrigeration systems are used to liquefy H2 in the hybrid system. This hybrid configuration purifies 2917 kg/h unrefined biogas and uses 27.71 MW power to produce 416.6 kg/h liquid H2 and 674 kg/h liquid biomethane. The energy and exergy efficiencies for the designed integrated process are calculated at 54.65% and 56.67%, respectively. The system exergy analysis reveals that the electrolyzer (77.94%), heat exchangers (10.61%), and compressors (5.69%) are the principal equipment in exergy destruction. Pinch analysis is employed to design heat exchanger networks and reduce energy consumption effectively. According to the economic analysis, the investment return period and the prime cost of H2 are 5.589 years and 3.539 USD/kgLH2, respectively. The parametric sensitivity analysis demonstrates that lowering the electricity cost from 0.1 to 0.03 USD/kWh leads to a decrease in the prime cost of liquid H2 and the investment return period to 2.205 USD/kgLH2 and 4.251 years, respectively. Moreover, increasing the outlet pressure of the turbo-expander in the cryogenic refrigeration cycle from 100 to 220 kPa results in an increase in exergy efficiency and net annual benefit to 56.67% and 13.89 MMUSD/year, respectively, and a reduction in the prime cost of liquid H2 to 3.536 USD/kgLH2.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, other outlays include startup expenses, working capital needs, licensing fees, research and development costs, and allowances for funds used during construction. 121 Meanwhile, the offsite costs involve expenditures related to land, civil, service facilities (SF), and structural and architectural work (LCSA). 67,110…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoeconomic Analysis of an Innovative Integrated System for Cogeneration of Liquid Hydrogen and Biomethane by a Cryogenic-Based Biogas Upgrading Cycle and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis

Ghorbani,

Zendehboudi,

Saady

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Despite the huge effort to shift the hydrogen economy to the clean energy sector, the majority of hydrogen is still produced via steam methane reforming (SMR), which stands as the predominant industrial process, utilizing high-temperature steam to react with methane, yielding hydrogen and substantial amounts of carbon-based emissions. Therefore, the growing interest in alternative hydrogen production methods is emphasized due to the transition towards sustainable energy systems, including electrolysis, solar water splitting, biomass gasification, thermochemical water splitting, or hydrolysis reaction [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. While these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, the hydrolysis reaction stands out from others due to unique characteristics, such as: (i) the process avoids external high temperatures or electricity provision; (ii) the hydrogen can be produced on-board; (iii) due to the exothermic reaction origin, it generates heat, which can be used as an additional reaction outcome; (iv) the reaction requires a reductant and water only; and (v) there are no carbon-based emissions during the reaction [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Hydrogen Generation through Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment of Waste Aluminum for Hydrolysis Reaction

Urbonavicius,

Varnagiris,

Knoks

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study investigates the low-temperature hydrogen plasma treatment approach for the improvement of hydrogen generation through waste aluminum (Al) reactions with water and electricity generation via proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC). Waste Al scraps were subjected to ball milling and treated using two different low-temperature plasma regimes: Diode and magnetron-initiated plasma treatment. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted using powders with different treatments, varying molarities, and reaction temperatures to assess hydrogen generation, reaction kinetics, and activation energy. The results indicate that magnetron-initiated plasma treatment significantly enhances the hydrolysis reaction kinetics compared to untreated powders or those treated with diode-generated plasma. Analysis of chemical bonds revealed that magnetron-initiated hydrogen plasma treatment takes advantage by promoting a dual procedure: Surface cleaning and Al nanocluster deposition on top of Al powders. Moreover, it was modeled that such H2 plasma could penetrate up to 150 Å depth. Meanwhile, electricity generation tests demonstrate that only 0.2 g of treated Al powder can generate approximately 1 V for over 300 s under a constant 2.5 Ω load and 1.5 V for 2700 s with a spinning fan.

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Hydrogen an environmental revolution toward clean energy transition: a green concept for current and future perspectives

Agrawal,

Sharma,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Thermochemical water-splitting structures for hydrogen production: Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental impacts

Cited by 25 publications

References 410 publications

Thermoeconomic Analysis of an Innovative Integrated System for Cogeneration of Liquid Hydrogen and Biomethane by a Cryogenic-Based Biogas Upgrading Cycle and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis

Thermoeconomic Analysis of an Innovative Integrated System for Cogeneration of Liquid Hydrogen and Biomethane by a Cryogenic-Based Biogas Upgrading Cycle and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolysis

Enhanced Hydrogen Generation through Low-Temperature Plasma Treatment of Waste Aluminum for Hydrolysis Reaction

Hydrogen an environmental revolution toward clean energy transition: a green concept for current and future perspectives

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