Thermochemical decomposition of phosphogypsum with Fe-P slag via a solid-state reaction

Sun, Lei; Zhao, Zhongjun; Yang, Xiushan; Sun, Yan; Li, Quande; Luo, Chunhui; Zhao, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.025

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Zang et al investigated the midstream and downstream of a PSC and proposed a two-stage MIP model including a novel method of stochastic scenario generation. The objective function of their study is to maximize the expected pro t, which follows the basic rule of sales subtract costs wherein, the costs include material purchase, material transportation, carbon emission tax, re nery operation, inventory, product transportation, extra product purchase, production surplus penalty, and production backlog penalty (13). A green PSC considering government intervention was addressed by Zhang et al in 2020 considering green investment and customer green preferences.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A bi-objective model for designing a green closed-loop supply chain network in a petroleum complex considering transportation constraints: A case study

Vardan,

Hosseini

2024

Preprint

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Environmental concerns and operational costs leave companies no choice but to apply the approach of supply chain management considering both environmental and cost aspects. Meanwhile, the petroleum industry as a main industry plays a vital role in Iran’s economy as well as CO2 emissions. This paper aims to propose a new mixed integer linear programming model for a closed-loop supply chain network design in an Iranian petroleum complex. We consider a four-echelon supply chain network including input feed suppliers, primary petroleum manufacturers, secondary petroleum manufacturers, and customers. In addition, collection and recycling centers are also considered for products that have reached the end of their life. To close the problem to real-world conditions, we consider different technologies and different types of capacity for candidate petrochemical complexes and different types of vehicles for transportation. All types of vehicles have a given capacity and differ in terms of cost and CO2 emissions. Two objective functions are considered for simultaneous optimization, which include total expected cost and total CO2 emissions. The model's efficiency is validated based on data from a real case in the production and distribution chain of a petroleum complex in Iran. The result represents the conflict between the two objective functions and the proposed model provided several options as Pareto solutions for decision makers. Moreover, sensitivity analysis represents the effect of variations in the capacity of domestic refineries, the capacity of vehicles, and the capacity of secondary petrochemical complexes on two objective functions and the final values of decision variables. Specifically, we find that changes in the capacity of refineries, causes a 12% change in the value of the emitted CO2 but the total expected cost doesn’t change significantly. Finally, managerial insights are gained through the numerical results.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the constraints set (13). The annual export capacity of petrochemical products is applied using the relation (14).…”

Section: Annual Demand Of Customer For Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bi-objective model for designing a green closed-loop supply chain network in a petroleum complex considering transportation constraints: A case study

Vardan,

Hosseini

2024

Preprint

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“… 11 In addition, it is used to absorb CO 2 in order to prepare CaCO 3 . 12 This approach is beneficial for recovering Ca in PG and absorbing CO 2 from the atmosphere, but it overlooks the abundant S. The methods used in many studies are thermal decomposition, thermal reduction decomposition, 13 dissolution recrystallization, 14 hydrothermal method, 15 and dehydration rehydration, and so on. 16 However, with low consumption, high costs, and high energy consumption, the current PG utilization technology is still too immature for industrial use, and the bulk of the methods are still in the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable and Efficient Recovery of Ca and S from Phosphogypsum by Using Multistep Precipitation

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The resource utilization of phosphogypsum (PG) is the key to promote the green development of the phosphorus chemical industry. The natural environment and public safety are significantly threatened by the enormous volume of PG storage. In this study, Ca and S were successfully recovered from the PG via a multistep precipitation in the NaOH−BaCO 3 system. The alkali solution can be recycled five times, with a first recovery ratio of about 97.9%, and the decomposition ratio of PG remained above 70% after five cycles. In addition, the recovery ratios of Ca and S in PG are 99.9 and 82.5%, respectively. The product of BaSO 4 can be used as a weighting agent for oil and natural gas drilling mud. The BaSO 4 can also be used as wave-absorbing materials, and its reflection loss value reaches 97.8% of the analytical purity BaSO 4 . This work provides a new idea for the efficient recycling of Ca and S in PG with an outstanding application prospect.

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“…Phosphoric acid is an essential raw material for the production of phosphate fertilizers . In recent years, as the output of phosphoric acid has increased year by year, phosphogypsum (PG), as a solid waste produced when the industrial use of sulfuric acid to decompose phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid, has also greatly increased its emissions . Typically, 4.5–5.5 tons of PG solid waste is generated for every 1 ton of phosphoric acid produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 In recent years, as the output of phosphoric acid has increased year by year, phosphogypsum (PG), as a solid waste produced when the industrial use of sulfuric acid to decompose phosphate rock to produce phosphoric acid, has also greatly increased its emissions. 2 Typically, 4.5–5.5 tons of PG solid waste is generated for every 1 ton of phosphoric acid produced. According to statistics, the cumulative global emission of PG is about 6 billion tons, and it is increasing at a rate of 150 million tons per year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synergistic Modification of Building Materials Based on α-Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum by Portland Cement/H-PDMS on Water Resistance

et al. 2022

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Alpha-hemihydrate phosphogypsum (α-HPG) is a cementitious material obtained by dehydration of phosphogypsum (PG), a byproduct of phosphoric acid production. Poor water resistance of α-HPG has usually restricted its application in construction materials. In this study, hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (H-PDMS) and Portland cement (PC) were used for the hydrophobic modification of α-HPG. The fluidity, setting times, compressive strength, flexural strength, ratio of compressive to flexural strength, water absorption rate, softening coefficient, pore structure, chemical information, and microstructure of the samples were measured to evaluate the modification effect of H-PDMS and PC. The results showed that H-PDMS and PC significantly improved waterproof properties of α-HPG and reduced its porosity, total pore area, and pore diameter. Specifically, PC provided the reactive group −OH that reacted with H-PDMS. Also, due to the coverage of hydrophobic −CH3 groups, PG was given an overall hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 134° (1.5% H-PDMS). H-HPG (H-PDMS- and PC-modified α-HPG) hydrophobic material can be used in building materials with waterproof requirements and achieve the comprehensive utilization of solid waste PG.

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Thermochemical decomposition of phosphogypsum with Fe-P slag via a solid-state reaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

A bi-objective model for designing a green closed-loop supply chain network in a petroleum complex considering transportation constraints: A case study

A bi-objective model for designing a green closed-loop supply chain network in a petroleum complex considering transportation constraints: A case study

Recyclable and Efficient Recovery of Ca and S from Phosphogypsum by Using Multistep Precipitation

Effect of Synergistic Modification of Building Materials Based on α-Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum by Portland Cement/H-PDMS on Water Resistance

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