Thermochemical Conversion of<i>Arundo Donax</i>into Useful Solid Products

Basso, María Cecilia; Cerrella, E. G.; Buonomo, E. L.; Bonelli, Pablo Ricardo; Cukierman, Ana Lea

doi:10.1080/009083190523280

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…e-BACs underwent N2 adsorption/desorption, to measure the BET specific surface area (SSA) which was found equal to 114 ± 4 m 2 g -1 . Higher specific surface area was hence obtained, with respect to the dry and non-pyrolysed Giant Cane, as reported in the literature by Basso et al (0.7 m 2 g -1 ) [36]. The same authors also reported the specific surface area value obtained treating Giant Cane stems at 800 °C, a temperature similar to what was used in the present work and they obtained m 2 g -1 [36].…”

Section: Rigid and Porous Cylindrical Structuresupporting

confidence: 88%

“…From the analysis of the porosity, the great part (> 95%) of e-BAC surface area is comprised in pores with a diameter smaller than 1 nm. Basso et al [36] found similar results for the 800 °C treated sample, with a mean pore radius of about 1.1 nm.…”

Section: Rigid and Porous Cylindrical Structurementioning

confidence: 55%

“…The canes were positioned in a quartz tube inside a horizontal furnace (Carbolite) and pyrolized according to the following protocol: 25 min at 25 °C, slow heating (10 °C min -1 ) up to 900 °C, 1 h held at 900 °C and, finally, cooling down to 25 °C. Some literature methods were taken into account when choosing the optimized temperature and temperature ramp in order to obtain a sufficiently graphitized sample [36][37][38]. During all the pyrolysis treatment, nitrogen was flowing constantly at 14 NL h -1 .…”

Section: Fabrication Of E-biochar Air-cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air-breathing bio-cathodes based on electro-active biochar from pyrolysis of Giant Cane stalks

Marzorati

Goglio

Fest-Santini

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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An innovative low-tech solution to fabricate electro-active biochar (e-biochar) electrodes for bioelectrochemical systems (BES) is proposed. Ligno-cellulosic stalks of Giant Cane (Arundo Donax L.) were subjected to pyrolysis treatment at 900 °C for 1 h. The material kept its original hollow cylindrical shape, rigid morphology and porous texture, as confirmed by 3DX-ray micro-computed tomography. These characteristics are suitable for its use at the air-water interface in BES, as air-breathing bio-cathodes. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area was equal to 114 ± 4 m 2 g-1 , with more than 95% of pores in the microporosity range (pore diameter < 1 nm). Surface electrocatalytic activity was sufficient to sustain oxygen reduction reaction at pH 7, in terms of both onset potential (-0.02 V vs Ag/AgCl) and reduction limiting current density (1 A m-2). Electrical resistivity measurements confirmed sufficient conductivity (8.9×10 −3 ± 1×10 −4  m) of the material and Raman spectroscopy allowed to estimate a graphitization degree in relation to the ID/IG, equal to 2.26. In parallel, the e-biochar were tested as airexposed bio-cathodes in BES, coupled to carbon cloth bio-anodes. After inoculation with wastewater from swine-farming, current densities were generated in the range of 100-150 mA m-2 , along more than 2 2 months of operation, under sodium acetate feeding. Confocal laser scanning imaging revealed consistent biofilm formation on the water-side surface of the cathodes, while a nearly-complete absence of it at the air-side. These e-biochar electrodes might open innovative perspectives to scale-up BES for different applications. Here, consistent salts depositions on the material after 70 days of exposure to the wastewater, suggest that e-biochar biocathodes might serve to recycle nutrients to agricultural soils, through mineralsenriched biochar. 1. INTRODUCTION Real scale application of bio-electrochemical systems (BES) has been facing the need to find an optimal balance between processes efficiencies and costs. Many researches are addressing to develop low-cost and environmentally-compatible materials to fabricate electrodes for large scale applications, such as wastewater treatment, soil bioremediation, etc. [1-3]. To date, the most competitive materials are based on carbon and include graphite-based rods, fiber brushes and granules, carbon-fiber cloths, carbon paper sheets, carbon felt and reticulated vitreous carbon [1,2,4]. They are selected due to their strong biocompatibility and inert properties at room temperature. The use of such materials as air-breathing cathodes has been coupled to the fabrication of microporous layers, made of activated carbon, pressed on carbon cloths (or other current collector) in the presence of polymeric binders (Nafion, PTFE, etc.) [5,6]. High surface area favors the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that needs the simultaneous presence of solid, liquid and gaseous phases. Microporous layers also act as gas diffusion layer at air-water interface, because the p...

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Section: Rigid and Porous Cylindrical Structuresupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Rigid and Porous Cylindrical Structurementioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Fabrication Of E-biochar Air-cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air-breathing bio-cathodes based on electro-active biochar from pyrolysis of Giant Cane stalks

Marzorati

Goglio

Fest-Santini

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Not only it can be used and regenerated continuously as a renewable resource, but also it is important for CO 2 mitigation from the atmosphere. Meanwhile, contradictions between biomass supplying for bio-fuel production and food production have been intensified over the last few years, and it highlighted a huge potential and necessity of inedible biomass resources to produce bioenergy, such as Miscanthus, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetry study of pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of the giant wetland plant Phragmites australis

Zhao

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2011

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of wetland plant Phragmites australis was investigated using thermogravimetric method from 50 to 800°C in an inert argon atmosphere at different heating rates of 5, 10, 25, 30, and 50°C min -1 . The kinetic parameters of activation energy and frequency factor were deduced by appropriate methods. The results showed that three stages appeared in the thermal degradation process. The most probable mechanism functions were described, and the average apparent activation energy was deduced as 291.8 kJ mol -1 , and corresponding pre-exponential factors were determined as well. The results suggested that the most probable reaction mechanisms could be described by different models within different temperature ranges. It showed that the apparent activation energies and the corresponding preexponential factors could be obtained at different conversion rates. The results suggested that the experimental results and kinetic parameters provided useful information for the design of pyrolytic processing system using P. australis as feedstock.

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“…HCl washing was found to significantly reduce the amount of char production from giant reed and miscanthus, because it removed roughly 90% of the ash content, especially K, which has been found to be a major element that related to the formation of char [73]. In contrast, H 3 PO 4 was used to enhance char yield of giant reed, and help to develop a porous structure with surface properties similar to those of activated carbons [63]. Water can also be used for ash removal, however, it also increases the biomass moisture content [74].…”

Section: Thermochemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant reed: A competitive energy crop in comparison with miscanthus

Vasco‐Correa

et al. 2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Arundo donax L. (giant reed), is a perennial rhizomatous grass and a promising energy crop due to its high biomass yield, adaptation to different types of soils and weather conditions, lower tillage requirement than traditional crops, and phytoremediation properties. This review is a comprehensive comparison of giant reed with miscanthus, a well-known candidate energy crop, in terms of biomass production and biomass conversion to bioenergy and bioproducts. Compared with miscanthus, giant reed can have higher biomass yield and adapt to a broader range of environments, but it requires more energy input for planting. Giant reed has a higher invasive potential than Miscanthus × giganteus, necessitating ecological control, such as preventing cultivation sites from flooding, strict nutrient management in surrounding areas, and removal of giant reed from riparian ecosystems adjacent to fire prone shrub lands. Generally, giant reed showed comparable yields to miscanthus in bioenergy production, but achieved better performance than miscanthus in production of particle boards, paper, and xylo-oligosaccharides. Future suggested research on giant reed includes, testing multiple harvests per year, assessing environmental benefits and reducing potential hazards, evaluating advanced pretreatment technologies, integrating processes for producing different bioenergy/bioproducts, and investigating effects of management practices on the production of fuels and products.

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Thermochemical Conversion ofArundo Donaxinto Useful Solid Products

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Air-breathing bio-cathodes based on electro-active biochar from pyrolysis of Giant Cane stalks

Air-breathing bio-cathodes based on electro-active biochar from pyrolysis of Giant Cane stalks

Thermogravimetry study of pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of the giant wetland plant Phragmites australis

Giant reed: A competitive energy crop in comparison with miscanthus

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