Thermochemical conversion of coconut waste: material characterization and identification of pyrolysis products

Borel, Lidja D.M.S.; Lira, Taísa Shimosakai de; Ataíde, Carlos Henrique; Barrozo, M. A. S.

doi:10.1007/s10973-020-09281-y

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The chemical composition is the most critical characteristic of lignocellulosic materials [73], which are mostly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [4,12].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coconut fruit is a fibrous drupe comprising five parts [4]: a solid endosperm (coconut meat or kernel) and liquid endosperm (coconut water), both known as the edible parts of the coconut, and three hierarchical layers of peel enclosing the seed: the endocarp (hard inner shell), mesocarp (a thick husk), and exocarp (outer shell) (Figure 1) [5,6]. Coconut meat is the most exploited fruit component; however, every part of the plant, from the stems to husk and shells, can be used to make value-added products and byproducts [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A non-traditional application of coconut is the use of its residues, which have a heterogeneous chemical composition mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [4,12]. Since the mesocarp and endocarp represent about 35% and 15% of the total fruit weight [13], respectively, the processing of coconut water and meat leads to the annual generation of 1,400,980 tons of shell [14,15], which has a slow degradation rate and when mismanaged, whether by direct disposal or open burning, causes environmental pollution, which has implications for human health [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coconut Waste: Discovering Sustainable Approaches to Advance a Circular Economy

Vieira,

Santana,

Jesus

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) stands as a pivotal resource in tropical regions, playing a crucial role in both subsistence and economic activities across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and South America. While the harvesting of coconut fruit is essential for producing globally utilized edible products, such as coconut oil, by small owners and large producers around the world in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, concerns have arisen due to the substantial amount of agro-industrial residue generated in this process, posing environmental risks if they are not properly managed. Recognizing the environmental challenges, this paper emphasizes the transformative potential inherent in coconut waste, characterized by its lignocellulosic composition rich in lignin and multifunctional groups. By delving into the historical context of coconut economic exploration and its chemical composition, this review explores the diverse applications of coconut products, focusing on the utilization and processing of residues to generate sustainable products and byproducts. Ultimately, this comprehensive review underscores the significance of repurposing coconut waste, not only to mitigate the environmental impact but also as a valuable contributor to a circular economy, promoting the use of the lignocellulosic biomass in research and bolstering its role as a raw material in the chemical and energy sectors.

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“…The chemical composition is the most critical characteristic of lignocellulosic materials [73], which are mostly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [4,12].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coconut Waste: Discovering Sustainable Approaches to Advance a Circular Economy

Vieira,

Santana,

Jesus

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…( 2) and Eq. ( 3)) (Borel et al 2020, Chhabra et al 2019) is used in the pyrolysis kinetics calculations.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Kinetic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, and biochar of fermented pine sawdust–based waste

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics and modified biochar derived from pine sawdust after fermentation (FPD) were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and comparison was established with pine sawdust (PD). The pretreatment i.e. fermentation changed the properties of raw materials and improved the pyrolysis properties.The variation range of CPI values of FPD was 6.51×10 -7 -16.38×10 -7 % 2 •min -2 •°C -3 , significantly higher than that of untreated samples determined under the same experimental conditions. The average activation energy of FPD was 367.95 kJ/mol attained by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method, 389.45 kJ/mol by Kissinger-Akahira-Sonuse (KAS) and 346.55 kJ/mol attained by Starink method much higher than PD. Additionally, fermentation could enhance the adsorption capacity for methylene blue of biochar from 0.76 mg/g to 1.6mg/g due to the abundant surface functional groups and three-dimensional internal pore structure.The adsorption pattern of fermented pine wood shifted from chemisorption dominated to the synergetic adsorption of surface functional groups adsorption and intragranular filling. Pyrolysis kinetics and biochar determination provide an in-depth understanding of fermented pine sawdust pyrolysis behaviors and product characteristics, which is the basis for designing pyrolysis process and re-using fermentation residues.

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“…Coconut shell and coconut husk biomass are mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses ( Borel et al, 2021 ). Increasing the rate of cellulose breakdown improves the porous structure of biochar ( Li et al., 2020 ), whereas increasing the rate of lignin breakdown contributes to the formation of biochar with a high specific area, high FC content and fine aromatic structure ( Jiang et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Coconut Shell and Coconut Husk Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut shell and husk biochar: A review of production and activation technology, economic, financial aspect and application

et al. 2022

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The coconut industry generates a relatively large amount of coconut shell and husk biomass, which can be utilized for industrial and environmental purposes. Immense potential for added value when coconut shell and husk biomass are turned into biochar and limited studies are available, making this review paper significant. This paper specifically presents the production and activation technology, economic and financial aspect and application of biochar from coconut shell and husk biomass. Pyrolysis, gasification and self-sustained carbonization are among the production technology discussed to convert this biomass into carbon-rich materials with distinctive characteristics. The surface characteristics of coconut-based biochar, that is, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ( SBET), pore volume ( Vp), pore diameter ( dp) and surface functional group can be enhanced by physical and chemical activation and metal impregnation. Due to their favourable characteristics, coconut shell and husk-activated biochar exhibit their potential as valuable adsorption materials for industrial and environmental application including biodiesel production, capacitive deionization, soil amendment, water treatment and carbon sequestration. With the knowledge of the potential, the coconut industry can contribute to both the local and global biocircular economy by producing coconut shell and husk biochar for economic development and environmental remediation. The capital and operating cost for production and activation processes must be taken into account to ensure bioeconomy sustainability, hence coconut shell and husk biomass have a great potential for income generation.

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Thermochemical conversion of coconut waste: material characterization and identification of pyrolysis products

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Coconut Waste: Discovering Sustainable Approaches to Advance a Circular Economy

Coconut Waste: Discovering Sustainable Approaches to Advance a Circular Economy

Pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, and biochar of fermented pine sawdust–based waste

Coconut shell and husk biochar: A review of production and activation technology, economic, financial aspect and application

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