This review describes the preparation of colloidal aggregates (spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles, polymer vesicles, multicompartment micelles, polyion complexes, schizophrenic micelles) using bottom-up self-assembly approaches. In particular, it focuses primarily on the self-organization of well-defined macromolecular building blocks (macrosurfactants, polysoaps, polyelectrolytes) synthesized by controlled radical polymerization techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition fragmentation transfer polymerization and nitroxide-mediated polymerization. The goal of this review is to highlight that these versatile techniques of polymer synthesis allow the preparation of unprecedented nanostructures in dilute solutions