Thermoanalytical Characterization and Catalytic Conversion of Deoiled Micro Algae and Jatropha Seed Cake

Abstract

Abstract:The thermal decomposition of the by-products of the biodiesel process was studied by thermoanalytical methods. De-oiled algae cake and jatropha seed de-oiled cake were pyrolyzed and the catalytic effects of silica supported iron catalysts (Fe/FSM-16 and Fe/SBA-15) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) were tested. The evolution profiles of the decomposition products as well as the thermal stability of the samples were determined by thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry (TG/MS). The formation of the volatile products was monitored by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The composition and the amounts of the S2 gaseous products changed significantly in the presence of the silica supported iron catalysts: the yield of hydrogen and carbon monoxide considerably increased above the decomposition temperature of 400 °C. Both silica supported iron catalysts had important effects on the yield of the products originating from carbohydrates and lignins. The formation of anhydrosugars and phenolic compounds was hindered, while the evolution of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons was enhanced. Fe/FSM-16 proved to be more efficient than Fe/SBA-15 and Fe 3 O 4 catalysts. The thermal decomposition of the protein content of the samples resulted in the formation of 2,5-diketopiperazines and smaller molecules (e.g., ammonia). The silica supported iron catalysts had a special effect: their presence promoted the reaction of fatty acid esters and ammonia resulting in the formation of alkyl nitriles during the thermal decomposition.

Regulating the pyrolysis process of cation intercalated MnO2 nanomaterials for electrocatalytic urea oxidation performance

“…Moreover, the development of TG-MS coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) provides abundant information for further studying the pyrolysis process. Currently, TG-MS is mostly used to analyze well-defined materials such as graphene, 31 carbon nanotubes, 32 iron oxide 33 and so on. TG-MS combines TG and MS to detect very low levels of impurities.…”

In situ and Ex situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Microalgae and Integration With Pyrolytic Fractionation

“…Since starch, proteins and lipids are all highly thermally labile, pyrolysis is a promising pathway to produce biofuels from microalgae (Maddi et al, 2011 , 2017 ; Rizzo et al, 2013 ). However, bio-oil from microalgae biomass cannot be directly used as liquid fuel due to high heteroatom (O and/or N) content, water content, acidity and thermal/chemical instability (Elkasabi et al, 2016 ; Sebestyén et al, 2016 ; Chiaramonti et al, 2017 ). These undesirable properties of bio-oil are directly related to microalgae constituents (Gong et al, 2014 ).…”

In Honor of Michael J. Antal

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20]28 Several articles aimed at producing valuable gases from biomass 9,21,22 and report studies on catalytic reforming. 23,24 The works of Pedersen et al 25 and Barta-Rajnai et al 26 deal with the properties of specific biomass fuels. Yanagida et al studied the use of rubber seed oil for biodiesel production.…”

“…Four works deal with the theoretical aspects of biomass conversion. − Five articles discuss various hydrothermal conversion methods in sub- and supercritical water. − The largest group of papers in this issue deal with biomass pyrolysis. − , Several articles aimed at producing valuable gases from biomass ,, and report studies on catalytic reforming. , The works of Pedersen et al and Barta-Rajnai et al deal with the properties of specific biomass fuels. Yanagida et al studied the use of rubber seed oil for biodiesel production …”