Thermo-therapeutic applications of chitosan- and PEG-coated NiFe₂O₄nanoparticles

Abstract

The paper reports the thermo-therapeutic applications of chitosan- and PEG-coated nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles. In this study NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, tuning the particle size through heat treatment in the temperature range from 200-800 °C for 3 h. XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the the ultrafine nanoparticles were of size 2-58 nm. Crystallinity of the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles in the as-dried condition with the particle size ∼2-3 nm was confirmed from the presence of a lattice fringe in the HRTEM image. VSM measurements showed that a superparamagnetic/ferromagnetic transition occurs with increasing particle size, which was further confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The nickel ferrite nanoparticles with optimum particle size of 10 nm were then coated with materials commonly used for biomedical applications, i.e. chitosan and PEG, to form homogeneous suspensions. The hydrodynamic diameter and the polydispersity index (PDI) were analyzed by dynamic light scattering at the physiological temperature of 37 °C and found to be 187 nm and 0.21 for chitosan-coated nanoparticles and 285 nm and 0.32 for PEG-coated ones. The specific loss power of rf induction heating by the set-up for hyperthermia and r 2 relaxivity by the nuclear magnetic resonance were determined. The results of induction heating measurements showed that the temperature attained by the nanoparticles of size 10 nm and concentration of about 20 mg ml(-1) was >70 °C (for chitosan) and >64 °C (for PEG). It has been demonstrated that the required temperature for hyperthermia heating could be tuned by tuning the particle size, shape and magnetization and the concentration of solution. For other potential biomedical applications of the NiFe2O4 nanoparticle solution, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging, the NMR studies yielded the T 1 and T 2 relaxivities as 0.348 and 89 mM(-1) s(-1) respectively. The fact that the T 2 relaxivity is orders of magnitude higher than T 1 indicates that this is suitable as a T 2 contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.

Improved specific loss power on cancer cells by hyperthermia and MRI contrast of hydrophilic FexCo1‐xFe2O4 nanoensembles

“…When small particles are dispersed in a liquid medium, spin relaxation of the magnetic particles becomes faster. In our previous study we found that beyond a certain particle size the rise of temperature is very small for NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Increasing the size of the nanoparticles by controlled heating significant rise of temperature was achieved.…”

Comparative Study of Specific Loss Power and Transverse Relaxivity of Spinel Ferrite Nanoensembles Coated With Chitosan and Polyethylene Glycol

“…Only inorganic core information can be obtained during the estimation of grain size using XRD and TEM in the absence of the hydration layer. For optimization of in-vivo transportation of nanoparticles and their performance for biological applications, the measurement of hydrodynamic diameter is crucial, and this value should be below 250 nm (Hoque et al, 2016c). The polydispersity index (PDI) is another important parameter for drug delivery applications using lipid-based carriers, where a PDI range below 0.300 is acceptable (Danaei et al, 2018 6 and Table 4 suggests that these particles are suitable for biomedical applications.…”

Manganese Ferrite Nanoparticles (MnFe2O4): Size Dependence for Hyperthermia and Negative/Positive Contrast Enhancement in MRI

“…The applications of nanomaterials in the biomedical field allows solving many issues such as targeted drug delivery [1,2], contrast-enhancing dye in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3][4][5][6][7][8], mediators for hyperthermia applications [9][10][11][12][13][14], cell labeling and tracking [15], angiography with MRI [16][17][18], cellular transfection using magnetic fields [19], cerebral blood volume (CBV) experiments of functional MRI (fMRI) [20], drug distribution in the brain [21], and antimicrobial activity agent [22]. Surface [23][24][25][26][27]. These nanoparticles are biocompatible, biodegradable, possess high transition temperatures, and have excellent chemical stability.…”