Thermo-optically driven silicon microring-resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder modulator for low-power consumption and multiple-wavelength modulation

Gautam, Rajdeep; Kaneshige, Hiroki; Yamada, Hitoshi; Katouf, Redouane; Arakawa, Taro; Kimura, Yasuo

doi:10.7567/jjap.53.022201

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The usual scheme based on thermal tuning of the Si micro-ring resonator leads to a continuous power consumption ~0.11 nm mW −1 (ref. [213]). Assuming a micro-ring resonator resonance trimming due to fabrication errors ~1 nm, this corresponds to ~9 mW for each ring [213].…”

Section: Graphene-based Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Romagnoli¹,

Sorianello²,

et al. 2018

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Graphene is an ideal material for optoelectronic applications. Its photonic properties give several advantages and complementarities over Si photonics. For example, graphene enables both electro-absorption and electro-refraction modulation with an electro-optical index change exceeding 10 −3 . It can be used for optical add-drop multiplexing with voltage control, eliminating the current dissipation used for the thermal detuning of microresonators, and for thermoelectric-based ultrafast optical detectors that generate a voltage without transimpedance amplifiers. Here, we present our vision for graphene-based integrated photonics. We review graphene-based transceivers and compare them with existing technologies. Strategies for improving power consumption, manufacturability and wafer-scale integration are addressed. We outline a roadmap of the technological requirements to meet the demands of the datacom and telecom markets. We show that graphene based integrated photonics could enable ultrahigh spatial bandwidth density , low power consumption for board connectivity and connectivity between data centres, access networks and metropolitan, core, regional and long-haul optical communications.Photonics is poised to play an increasingly important role in ICT ( Fig. 1a), since the fixed high capacity links are largely based on photonic technologies. Photonic devices need to support ultra-large bandwidth operation, for example, 200 Tb s−1 in a single fibre[9] and >10 Tb s −1 cm −2 in integrated Si photonics chips [10]. To achieve this, the key components of Si photonics, photodetectors and modulators, need very high performances in terms of speed (≥25 Gb s −1 ), footprint (<1 mm 2 ), insertion loss (<4 dB), manufacturability (>10 6 pieces per year) and power consumption (<1 pJ bit −1 ). To date, these requirements have not been fulfilled in one system [11]. Furthermore, in terms of production volumes, photonics is not yet comparable to microelectronics [12], even if the increase in demand for optical networks would, by 2021, lead to an average global Internet Protocol (IP) traffic of 3.3 ZB (zettabytes), corresponding to an average usage data rate of ~800 Tb s −1 (refs[13,14]). In the context of the IoT[7], other applications, including infrared (IR) sensors, biosensors, environmental sensors, metrology, quantum communications and machine vision, will require even larger production volumes [13,15].The telecom network can be divided into three segments: access, aggregation and core (Fig. 1a). The access network is the interface between subscribers and the immediate service provider. The aggregation network aggregates all the input data streams from tributary access networks, converging towards the higher-level core network. The aggregation network includes local and metropolitan networks, which then converge to regional networks. A local area network (LAN) interconnects computers within a limited area, such as a residence, school, laboratory, university or office building. A metropolitan area network (MAN) interconnects us...

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Section: Graphene-based Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[213]). Assuming a micro-ring resonator resonance trimming due to fabrication errors ~1 nm, this corresponds to ~9 mW for each ring [213]. In the SLG switch, the variation in losses for resonance suppression is obtained by capacitive charging [71,72].…”

Section: Graphene-based Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Romagnoli¹,

Sorianello²,

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[22][23][24][25][26][27] Moreover, a nonlinear phase-shift effect in an MRR 28) has recently attracted interest, and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) incorporating the nonlinear phase-shift effect have also been extensively studied owing to their compact size and low driving voltage. To date, compound-semiconductor-and Si-MRR-assisted MZMs (MRR-MZMs) and switches have been developed using the carrier plasma effect, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] the thermo-optic (TO) effect, 36,37) and an electric-field induced change in the refractive index, 38,39) and many of them are driven by a pair or pairs of MRRs. Although a multiple MRR-MZM with push-pull driving is advantageous for symmetric switching and lowering driving voltage, the precise control of resonant wavelengths of two MRRs is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

32-Gbps single silicon microring resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder modulator

Yabushita

Takazawa

Kimura

et al. 2018

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Design and high-speed modulation of a compact and low-voltage silicon microring resonator-loaded Mach-Zehnder modulator (Si MRR-MZM) with a lateral P-N junction are discussed. The driving voltage or the size of a Si MZM is expected to be significantly reduced owing to an enhanced phase shift in an MRR. Modulation characteristics of the MRR-MZM are analyzed on the basis of different device parameters, such as the coupling efficiency K and round-trip length of an MRR. Si MRR-MZMs with different device parameters are fabricated using a complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process and their high-speed modulation characteristics are compared. A half-wave voltage of 3.4 V is demonstrated in an MRR-MZM with K = 0.12 and a round-trip length of 128 µm, and the product of the half-wave voltage and the length of a phase shifter (V π L) was decreased to 0.036 V cm. The 3 dB bandwidth of an MRR-MZM with K = 0.21 and a round-trip length of 180 µm is measured to be approximately 16 GHz, and nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation up to 32 Gbps is successfully demonstrated for an operation voltage of 4.0 V.

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“…30) Owing to the combination of an MZI and the enhanced phase change in an MRR, compact and low-voltage optical modulators have been developed. [31][32][33][34][35] If an MRR-MZI is applied to biosensing, MRR-based biosensors with higher sensitivity than conventional MRR sensors can be realized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive optical biosensor based on silicon-microring-resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Yoshida

Ishihara

Arakawa

et al. 2017

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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We propose and demonstrate a novel biosensor based on a silicon-single-microring-resonator-loaded Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MRR-MZI), and discuss the design of the sensor theoretically. Owing to the combination of an MZI and the enhanced phase change in a microring resonator (MRR), high sensitivity is expected to be realized. The designed MRR-MZI sensor is fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process, and its sensing characteristics are measured using ethanol solutions with a concentration of less than 3 wt % and avidin solutions. The sensitivity of the MRR-MZI to changes in the environmental refractive index is increased by approximately 50 times compared with that of a simple MRR. In addition, avidin solution with a concentration as low as 20 pM was successfully detected.

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Thermo-optically driven silicon microring-resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder modulator for low-power consumption and multiple-wavelength modulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

Graphene-based integrated photonics for next-generation datacom and telecom

32-Gbps single silicon microring resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder modulator

Highly sensitive optical biosensor based on silicon-microring-resonator-loaded Mach–Zehnder interferometer

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