Thermo-mechanical Characterization of Metal/Polymer Composite Filaments and Printing Parameter Study for Fused Deposition Modeling in the 3D Printing Process

Hwang, Seyeon; Reyes, Enrique A.; Moon, Kyoung-Sik; Rumpf, Raymond C.; Kim, Nam Soo

doi:10.1007/s11664-014-3425-6

Cited by 392 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Such mechanical resistant was also observed in metal/polymer composite filaments (Hwang et al, 2014) and gives an indication on the capability of FDM 3D printing in unit fabrication without additional post manufacturing processing. This makes the technology highly suitable for on-demand dosage form manufacturing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

Sadia

Sośnicka

Arafat

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

268

147

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Abstract*Corresponding author: MAlbedAlhnan@uclan.ac.uk This work aims to employ fused deposition modelling 3D printing to fabricate immediate release pharmaceutical tablets with various model drugs. It investigates the addition of nonmelting filler to methacrylic matrix to facilitate FDM 3D printing and explore the impact of i) the nature of filler, ii) compatibility with the gears of the 3D printer and, and iii) polymer: filler ratio on the 3D printing process. A specially developed filament based on pharmaceutically approved methacrylic polymer (Eudragit E) and thermally stable filler, TCP (tribasic calcium phosphate) was optimised. Four model drugs (with different physicochemical properties were included into ready-to-use mechanically stable tablets with immediate release properties. Amongst the investigated fillers in this work, directly compressible lactose, spray-dried lactose and microcrystalline cellulose showed a level of degradation at 135 o C whilst talc and TCP allowed consistent flow of the filament and a successful 3D printing of the tablet. Following the two thermal processes (hot melt extrusion (HME) and fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing), drug contents were 94.22%, 88.53%, 96.51% and 93.04% for 5-ASA, captopril, theophylline and prednisolone respectively. XRPD indicated that a fraction of 5-ASA, theophylline and prednisolone remained in the crystalline form whilst captopril was in amorphous form. By combining the advantages of thermally stable pharmaceutically approved polymers and fillers, this unique approach provides a low cost production method for on demand manufacturing of individualised dosage forms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

Sadia

Sośnicka

Arafat

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

268

147

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“…Furthermore, its tensile strength was reduced by 25% after being filled with only 10 wt% of iron particles. Similarly, another study also reported a significant reduction in strength (42%) after incorporation with 30 wt% copper with ABS [10]. This implies that polyamide matrix with loading of fillers (10-30 wt%) is still capable of resisting the stress exerted despite an increase in the number and size of voids in the microstructure of FDM parts.…”

Section: Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The main difference among these properties is based on the direction of the forces. Most of the previous literatures [1,2,10,33,34] normally presented tensile data as a fundamental material property in the design of thermoplastic polymer composites. However, the tensile strength data alone might be insufficient in real applications, since the load is usually derived from a combination of compressive and tensile strengths.…”

Section: Characterisation Of Polyamide Composites 231 Mechanical Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since changing the layering technique into conventional technique may be both impractical and expensive, considerable research has focused on improving material performance and functionality by developing polymer composites for FDM feedstocks [6]. Early studies concentrated on using ABS and PLA filled with micron or nanoscale particles, such as graphene, short fibre, montmorillonite, metals and TCP [7][8][9][10][11][12] to improve mechanical properties. The results of these studies highlighted that all mechanical properties of printed composites demonstrated some improvement either in the modulus or both the strength and modulus as compared to pure polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 12 3D printed parts by fused deposition modelling

Rahim¹,

Abdullah²,

Akil³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. This paper addresses the utilisation of fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology using polyamide 12, incorporated with bioceramic fillers (i.e. zirconia and hydroxyapatite) as a candidate for biomedical applications. The entire production process of printed PA12 is described, starting with compounding, filament wire fabrication and finally, FDM printing. The potential to process PA12 using this technique and mechanical, thermal and morphological properties were also examined. Commonly, a reduction of mechanical properties of printed parts would occur in comparison with injection moulded parts despite using the same material. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the samples prepared by injection moulding were also measured and applied as a benchmark to examine the effect of different processing methods. The results indicated that the addition of fillers improved or maintained the strength and stiffness of neat PA12, at the expense of reduced toughness and flexibility. Melting behaviours of PA12 were virtually insensitive to the processing techniques and were dependent on additional fillers and the cooling rate. Incorporation of fillers slightly lowered the melting temperature, however improved the thermal stability. In summary, PA12 composites were found to perform well with FDM technique and enabling the production of medical implants with acceptable mechanical performances for non-load bearing applications.

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“…Therefore, the heat conductivity and capacity are important, as they affect how heat is distributed and the temperature profiles of the printed tracks. Qualitatively, the main sintering process is understood and several studies focused on the effect of some of these parameters [19][20][21]. Of further interest is how the addition of fibre reinforcement to the feedstock will affect these parameters, this is discussed below.…”

Section: Materials Extrusion Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into 3D printing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites

Blok

Longana

et al. 2018

Additive Manufacturing

456

379

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms A B S T R A C TFused filament fabrication (FFF) is a 3D printing technique which allows layer-by-layer build-up of a part by the deposition of thermoplastic material through a nozzle. The technique allows for complex shapes to be made with a degree of design freedom unachievable with traditional manufacturing methods. However, the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic materials used are low compared to common engineering materials. In this work, composite 3D printing feedstocks for FFF are investigated, wherein carbon fibres are embedded into a thermoplastic matrix to increase strength and stiffness. First, the key processing parameters for FFF are reviewed, showing how fibres alter the printing dynamics by changing the viscosity and the thermal profile of the printed material. The state-of-the-art in composite 3D printing is presented, showing a distinction between short fibre feedstocks versus continuous fibre feedstocks. An experimental study was performed to benchmark these two methods. It is found that printing of continuous carbon fibres using the MarkOne printer gives significant increases in performance over unreinforced thermoplastics, with mechanical properties in the same order of magnitude of typical unidirectional epoxy matrix composites. The method, however, is limited in design freedom as the brittle continuous carbon fibres cannot be deposited freely through small steering radii and sharp angles. Filaments with embedded short carbon microfibres (∼100 μm) show better print capabilities and are suitable for use with standard printing methods, but only offer a slight increase in mechanical properties over the pure thermoplastic properties. It is hypothesized that increasing the fibre length in short fibre filament is expected to lead to increased mechanical properties, potentially approaching those of continuous fibre composites, whilst keeping the high degree of design freedom of the FFF process.

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Thermo-mechanical Characterization of Metal/Polymer Composite Filaments and Printing Parameter Study for Fused Deposition Modeling in the 3D Printing Process

Cited by 392 publications

References 13 publications

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

Adaptation of pharmaceutical excipients to FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of patient-tailored immediate release tablets

The improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 12 3D printed parts by fused deposition modelling

An investigation into 3D printing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites

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