Thermo-kinematic modeling of detachment-dominated extension, northeastern Death Valley area, USA: Implications for mid-crustal thermal-rheological evolution

Supplemental Material: Stratigraphy of the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley, California, and Eocene extensional tectonism in the Basin and Range

“…To the south, in the vicinity of Daylight Pass, all structures in the Grapevine Mountains (including the Titus Canyon fault and Titus Canyon anticline-Corkscrew Peak syncline) are truncated at the Boundary Canyon detachment (Fig. 12 and Plate 2), a top-to-the-northwest low-angle detachment fault that bounds the Funeral Mountains metamorphic core complex (Holm and Dokka, 1991;Hoisch and Simpson, 1993;Beyene, 2011;Fridrich and Thompson, 2011;Lutz et al, 2021). The Boundary Canyon detachment separates amphibolite-grade Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in its footwall from zeolite-grade strata in its hanging wall (Hoisch and Simpson, 1993;Wright and Troxel, 1993;Mattinson et al, 2007;Verdel et al, 2011;Hoisch et al, 2014;Affinati et al, 2020).…”

“…The Boundary Canyon detachment separates amphibolite-grade Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in its footwall from zeolite-grade strata in its hanging wall (Hoisch and Simpson, 1993;Wright and Troxel, 1993;Mattinson et al, 2007;Verdel et al, 2011;Hoisch et al, 2014;Affinati et al, 2020). The metamorphic history of the footwall rocks exhumed by the Boundary Canyon detachment is complex (Hoisch and Simpson, 1993;Applegate and Hodges, 1995;Mattinson et al, 2007;Affinati et al, 2020), but the timing of metamorphic core complex development is well constrained to the middle to late Miocene by a variety of low-temperature thermochronometric studies (e.g., Holm and Dokka, 1991;Lutz et al, 2021).…”

“…The age of west-vergent folding in the Death Valley region is constrained only in the Cottonwood Mountains, where crosscutting dikes and growth strata bracket the timing of folding to Late Permian to early Triassic age (Snow et al, 1991;Stevens and Stone, 2005). Consequently, the question of whether all west-vergent folds throughout the Death Valley region are of this age, and thus correlative, is debated (e.g., Serpa and Pavlis, 1996;Renik and Christie-Blick, 2013;Lutz et al, 2021). In particular, the TCA-CPS has been the subject of debate with respect to the timing of its formation, with similarities to structures in the Cottonwood Mountains supporting a Permo-Triassic age (Snow and Wernicke, 2000;Niemi, 2012).…”

“…In particular, the TCA-CPS has been the subject of debate with respect to the timing of its formation, with similarities to structures in the Cottonwood Mountains supporting a Permo-Triassic age (Snow and Wernicke, 2000;Niemi, 2012). Alternatively, the close association of the TCA-CPS to the late Miocene Boundary Canyon detachment has been used to argue for a model of syn-extensional folding synchronous with unroofing of the Funeral Mountains metamorphic core complex (Reynolds, 1974;Lutz et al, 2021).…”

“…11). Eocene basin initiation and clastic deposition occurred in the Titus Canyon basin coeval with Eocene basin formation in northern Nevada, but the detaching Farallon slab, and associated volcanism, did not reach the central Basin and Range until the middle Miocene, coincident with widespread ignimbrite production in the Southwest Nevada volcanic field (Sawyer et al, 1994) and the exhumation of the Funeral Mountains meta morphic core complex (Holm and Dokka, 1991;Hoisch and Simpson, 1993;Lutz et al, 2021).…”