Thermo fluid effect of the urea thermal decomposition in a lab-scaled reactor

Ku, Kun Woo; Hong, Jung Goo

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.103

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An approximate measuring range (8–450 μm), measuring distance (within 400 mm, laser spot radius: 3.9 [pixel]), and CCD (EPIX CMOS camera) were used. SMD is measured 200 mm downstream from the tip of the nozzle (tip). − The spray image was taken using an ultra-high-speed camera (Phantom VEO E310L, maximum resolution: 512 × 512; sample rate: 11,500 f/s) and a stroboscope for the visualization of the spray from the nozzle. More than 300 images were analyzed for each experimental condition and taken after the spray pattern reaching a static state under each spray condition.…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Y-Jet Nozzle Mixing Chamber Length and the GLR on Spatial Asymmetric Spray

2021

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The Y-jet nozzle is simpler to design than other twin-fluid nozzles and has various advantages such as having a wide turn-down ratio. For this reason, it is mainly used for industrial boilers and combustion. The Y-jet nozzle comprises liquid and assist gas supply ports, a mixing chamber, where two fluids (liquid and the assist gas) are mixed, and an exit orifice. The time it takes to mix the two fluids in the mixing chamber depends on the length of the chamber, which determines the spray and particulate properties. Therefore, the mixing chamber is one of the most important factors when designing the Y-jet nozzle. The gas to liquid mass flow rate ratio (GLR) is an important variable that affects the spray characteristics of the Y-jet nozzle. In this work, a laboratory-scale Y-jet nozzle spray experimental setup was developed to perform spray experiments. In particular, we observe the spray properties in the front and right directions to observe spatial spray properties. Significant results were obtained depending on the length of the mixing chamber, the spray pattern, and the Sauter mean diameter according to the GLR. We found that a mixing chamber with longer length reduces the effect of asymmetric spray and confirm that the central axis of spray is more stable.

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Section: Experimental Setup and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Y-Jet Nozzle Mixing Chamber Length and the GLR on Spatial Asymmetric Spray

2021

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“…The flow rate and pressure data in this experiment are the averages of sampling at 100 Hz for 10 s. , The spray image of the Y-jet nozzle was recorded by attaching a high-speed camera (Phantom VEO E310L, maximum resolution: 512 × 512, sample rate: 11,500 f/s) to the front of the nozzle and a light source to the back. Spray images were collected more than 500 times per experimental condition after ensuring that the spray pattern had attained a static state based on the spray conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure , the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) was measured using a Malvern-type measuring apparatus (MLXA-A12-635-5, measuring range of approximately 8–450 μm, working distance of within 400 mm, laser spot radius of 3.9 [pixel]) and CCD (EPIX CMOS camera). The apparatus monitors the droplet size using the principle of laser diffraction and calculates the diffraction rate of the droplet captured by the laser line. − According to Mullinger et al, complete atomization was achieved downstream of the spray at approximately 40 times the diameter of the nozzle orifice. However, the SMD was measured under the condition of 200 mm downstream of the spray from the nozzle tip, considering the asymmetry of the Y-jet nozzle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Spray Characteristics According to Y-Jet Nozzle Orifice Shape and Spray Conditions

2023

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The Y-jet nozzle is a twin-fluid nozzle that has a larger operating range and simpler structure than other twin-fluid nozzles. Furthermore, it offers outstanding atomization quality even at low flow rates, mak ing it simple to atomize viscous liquids. However, because of the structure of the Y-jet nozzle, having an asymmetrical spray pattern is limited. Most existing experimental studies focused on the orifice diameter and mixing tube length. In this study, two types of elliptical nozzles and one type of circular nozzle were tested. We found that the elliptical nozzle’s asymmetric spray characteristics are different from those of the circular type. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the spray characteristics were different even in ellipsoids, with only the major and minor axes differing.

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“…The SMD and droplet distribution sprayed from the nozzle are Malvern-type droplets using the laser diffraction principle. A measuring device (MLXA-A12-635-5) was used. − A DMM650 ammeter (Keithley) was used to conduct the experiment by acquiring a current value of 1000 times per s using the software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity Effect on the Electrospray Characteristics of Droplet Size and Distribution

et al. 2021

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Electrostatic spraying is a method of atomizing a fluid using a high voltage as an atomization auxiliary device, and various spraying modes exist according to experimental parameters and viscosity. A maximum of 11 spray modes were identified according to the changes in the applied voltage and flow rate. To produce fine droplets and a uniform size, which are the advantages of electrostatic spraying, in this experiment, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and SMD distribution were evaluated in each spray mode of electrostatic spraying. By comparing the other spray modes with the cone jet mode, it was confirmed that the maximum difference of the SMD was less than 1.5 times and the standard deviation of the rotated and pulsed jets was 2.5 times or more. In the cone shape range, the SMD and SMD distribution according to the applied voltage confirmed that the droplet size was the smallest in the middle of the cone jet mode, and the droplet distribution was also narrow. In the cone jet mode, the droplet size increased linearly with the viscosity and flow rate. In addition, the droplet distribution range was distinctive depending on the type of fluid. In the case of the relationship between the droplet size and current, it was proven that the higher the viscosity, the higher the current value for the same SMD; furthermore, the difference in the current–SMD increase rate was insignificant. Through experiments, this work presents experimental data of SMD, SMD distribution, and current–SMD in electrostatic spray experiments under various conditions.

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Thermo fluid effect of the urea thermal decomposition in a lab-scaled reactor

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Y-Jet Nozzle Mixing Chamber Length and the GLR on Spatial Asymmetric Spray

Effects of Y-Jet Nozzle Mixing Chamber Length and the GLR on Spatial Asymmetric Spray

Asymmetric Spray Characteristics According to Y-Jet Nozzle Orifice Shape and Spray Conditions

Viscosity Effect on the Electrospray Characteristics of Droplet Size and Distribution

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