“…This equation can be readily derived from the energy conservation law along with the Fourier heat conduction law. For an FG cylinder, this equation in radial and circumferential directions reads [8]…”
Section: Problem Formulation In 2d Space Using Hierarchic Elements 21 the Heat Conduction Problemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to their ability in withstanding high-pressure loadings with respect to their weight, shells of revolution have received more attention in numerous applications of structural engineering. Recently, the authors have derived a set of field equations for a functionally graded piezoelectric shell of revolution with arbitrary curvature and variable thickness using tensor analysis in curvilinear coordinate systems [8]. Nejad et al [9] have developed a general formulation for thermo-elastic analysis of a functionally graded thick shell of revolution with arbitrary curvature and variable thickness by using higher-order shear deformation theory.…”
As the first endeavor, a combination of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and p-version of finite element method is proposed for electro-thermo-elastic analysis of a thick hollow cylinder under asymmetric thermal loadings. In shells of revolution, the proposed FFT-pFE method is accompanied by a significant decrease in the computational costs. Due to the problem periodicity in such structures, the FFT technique is used to discretize the governing equations into a set of harmonics. Each harmonic is then partitioned using higher order finite elements. Hierarchical finite elements based on Legendre polynomial interpolation functions are utilized to discretize 2D governing equations of a functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) cylinder. 3D governing equations of a FGP hollow cylinder are then discretized by using the higher-order Lagrangian finite elements. The effects of FFT grid-size as well as the order of the interpolation functions are investigated on convergence behavior of the proposed mixed FFT-pFE method. The material properties, with the exception of the Poisson's ratio, are considered to vary along the radius of the cylinder. The governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual displacements. For a 3D FGP hollow cylinder, the influence of axially and circumferentially non-symmetric thermal loadings is presented in contour plots.
“…This equation can be readily derived from the energy conservation law along with the Fourier heat conduction law. For an FG cylinder, this equation in radial and circumferential directions reads [8]…”
Section: Problem Formulation In 2d Space Using Hierarchic Elements 21 the Heat Conduction Problemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to their ability in withstanding high-pressure loadings with respect to their weight, shells of revolution have received more attention in numerous applications of structural engineering. Recently, the authors have derived a set of field equations for a functionally graded piezoelectric shell of revolution with arbitrary curvature and variable thickness using tensor analysis in curvilinear coordinate systems [8]. Nejad et al [9] have developed a general formulation for thermo-elastic analysis of a functionally graded thick shell of revolution with arbitrary curvature and variable thickness by using higher-order shear deformation theory.…”
As the first endeavor, a combination of fast Fourier transform (FFT) and p-version of finite element method is proposed for electro-thermo-elastic analysis of a thick hollow cylinder under asymmetric thermal loadings. In shells of revolution, the proposed FFT-pFE method is accompanied by a significant decrease in the computational costs. Due to the problem periodicity in such structures, the FFT technique is used to discretize the governing equations into a set of harmonics. Each harmonic is then partitioned using higher order finite elements. Hierarchical finite elements based on Legendre polynomial interpolation functions are utilized to discretize 2D governing equations of a functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) cylinder. 3D governing equations of a FGP hollow cylinder are then discretized by using the higher-order Lagrangian finite elements. The effects of FFT grid-size as well as the order of the interpolation functions are investigated on convergence behavior of the proposed mixed FFT-pFE method. The material properties, with the exception of the Poisson's ratio, are considered to vary along the radius of the cylinder. The governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual displacements. For a 3D FGP hollow cylinder, the influence of axially and circumferentially non-symmetric thermal loadings is presented in contour plots.
“…The early work of numerical modeling for electro-thermo-mechanically coupled problems was presented by Krommer and Irschik (2000) using the Reissner–Mindlin theory. Including the thermal effect, Dehghan et al (2016) developed three-dimensional multi-field equations of functionally graded piezoelectric shells under thermo-mechanical loading. Based on the classical plate theory, Zhang et al (2017a) and Li et al (2017) developed thermo-electro-mechanically coupled models for analysis of piezoelectric nanoplates with viscoelastics.…”
Piezoelectric materials embedded into plates and shells make the structures being capable of sensing and actuation, usually called smart structures, which are frequently used for shape and vibration control, noise control, health monitoring, and energy harvesting. To give a precise prediction of static and dynamic behavior of smart structures, the linear/nonlinear multi-physics coupled modeling technique is of great importance. The article attempts to present the available research on modeling of piezoelectric integrated plates and shells, including (1) through thickness hypotheses for beams, plates, and shells; (2) geometrically nonlinear theories for plates and shells; (3) electroelastic material linear/nonlinear modeling; (4) multi-physics coupled modeling; and (5) modeling of advanced piezo-fiber composite bonded structures.
“…They also studied finite element model of sphere subjected to pressure and thermal loads. Dehghan et al (2016) presented full set of electrothermoelastic equations for FGPM-revolved shells. After that they solved these equations for two cylindrical and spherical vessels under axisymmetric assumption.…”
Piezoelectric material has widely been used as sensors or actuators in smart structures. In this study, electrothermomechanical behaviors of homogeneous spherical vessels with different configurations of functionally graded piezoelectric material coating are investigated. Homogeneous vessels with inner, outer, and both inner and outer layers of functionally graded piezoelectric material are taken into account. Infinitesimal strain theory and axisymmetric assumption are considered to formulate the problem. Moreover, it is considered that material properties in functionally graded piezoelectric material vary based on the power function of radius. Results show that homogeneous sphere with outer functionally graded piezoelectric material coating has the lowest tensile circumferential stress compared to the other cases in functionally graded piezoelectric material layer. In the second case, effects of grading indices and functionally graded piezoelectric material layer thickness are also studied. It is shown that the grading index variation could have a great effect on the thermomechanical behavior of both functionally graded piezoelectric material and homogeneous layers. It is turned out that lower grading index could lead to the lower circumferential stress and higher induced electric potential. It is shown that significant difference between thermal conductivity of functionally graded piezoelectric material and homogeneous layer can extremely affect the distribution of radial stress and electric potential.
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